Abstract In the application history of textile materials, human have gone through the development from natural fibers to synthetic fibers. Fibrilia, cotton, silk and fur is the earliest used natural textile fibers. At the end of the 19th century, with the rise of modern chemistry and chemical industry, man opened up a new era of chemical fiber. Since the 1950s, based on the rapid development of modern petrochemical industry, people entered a new period of polymer fibers with polyester fiber as the representative. And in the middle and late 20th century, a great variety of new composite textile fibers has become the main force of modern textile material.