This paper discusses an important representative of optical microscopy,the confocal laser scanning microscope(CLSM).By utilizing a laser light source,an optical scanning system,and digital image processing techniques,CLSM is able to obtain high-contrast and high-resolution images in a relatively short period of time while reducing the risk of photodamage to the sample.CLSM has been widely used in cell biology,medicine,drug development and materials science,providing important support for scientific research.With a deeper understanding of the principles and applications of CLSM,researchers can design experiments and analyze data more efficiently and obtain more accurate results.This paper explores the fundamental principles,applications,and future development trends of LSCM,emphasizing its potential and value in advancing high-level scientific research.

In the context of the deep integration of modern education and industry,the teaching mode based on knowledge graphs offers a novel opportunity to enhance students’ systematic learning and practical skills.Using the spectral analysis of heavy metal ions in water quality as a case,this paper innovatively establishes a curriculum system with knowledge graphs as corefor analytical chemistry,which seamlessly connects theoretical instruction,experimental operations,and corporate practice.Through the design of an integrated teaching process,students significantly improved their practical skills,innovative thinking,and interdisciplinary cognition,injecting new vitality and momentum into traditional teaching methodologies.Moreover,it introduces new perspectives and practical insights for exploring a fully integrated educational ecosystem that merges education and industry.

With the project theme of“Exploring Indigo dye spanning thousands of years”,the teaching of organic dye in fine chemical technology was carried out for undergraduates.The dismantling project includes several key tasks,including understanding the history of dye use,exploring the dyeing principle,designing experimental scheme,preparing and characterizing products,dyeing and recycling practice,and communicating and displaying results.Students gained a preliminary understanding of indigo through pre-class preparation,learned the theoretical knowledge of indigo through guided classes,and applied it in practical classes to deepen their comprehensive understanding of the organic dye indigo.Finally,the integrated goal of“teaching,learning and evaluation”was accomplished through student mutual evaluation,student self-evaluation and teacher evaluation scale.

Due to the long-term problematic features in physical chemical experiment teaching such as “prioritizing confirmation experiment over exploratory experiment”,a curriculum reform attempt based on do-it-yourself(DIY)was carried out,in pursuit of the modern curriculum objective of “advanced,innovative,and challenging”.Our research team adopted a blended teaching mode(online+offline)in order to cultivate students’ practical competence and comprehensive innovation ability throughout the process of course designing,implementation,and evaluation.This course design underscores the prominent role occupied by students in the learning process,while also duly recognizing the pivotal position of educators within the context of the experimental curriculum.We hope that the outcomes of this reform will provide a substantive foundation for the augmentation of student engagement,the enhancement of pedagogical quality in the domain of physical chemistry experiments,the establishment of top-tier undergraduate experimental curricula,and the facilitation of innovative talent cultivation.

Recycling and reuse of spent lithium-ion batteries have significant economic and environmental value.How to efficiently and environmentally recycle valuable metals from lithium batteries has become a topic worthy of in-depth exploration for teachers and students major in chemistry,chemical engineering,and materials science.In order to find a low-cost,environmentally friendly and efficient metal recovery technology,we designed choline chloride-ascorbic acid-H₂O deep eutectic solvent(DES)and systematically explored the method of DES extraction of valuable metals from the ternary positive materials of lithium batteries.And the ternary positive electrode material was reprepared by co-precipitation and high-temperature solid-phase synthesis using recycled metal ions.The study showed that as-prepared DES had a high extraction rate of 100% for the valuable metals in the ternary positive electrode material under a mild leaching condition(55 ℃,1 h).As-prepared ternary positive material was uniform,indicating the successful preparation of the ternary positive material.The initial discharge capacity of the synthesized ternary material was as high as 135.6 mAh/g,and the Coulombic efficiency remained stable at 97.7% after 100 cycles.The experiment is rich in content and conducive to students’ integration of knowledge from different disciplines.It stimulates students’ innovative consciousness and research interest,cultivates their research literacy,enhances their ability to analyze and solve problems,and achieves the integration of science and education.

This study designed and implemented a“virtual-real integration”experimental teaching mode based on the carbon dioxide cycloaddition reaction,aiming to address the disconnect between theory and practice in traditional experimental teaching and to cultivate students’ practical skills and innovative thinking.By integrating Materials Studio(MS)software,students completed catalyst modeling and reaction mechanism simulations,followed by hands-on operations involving anhydrous and anaerobic conditions and gas chromatography analysis to explore the full process of CO₂ cycloaddition reactions.Teaching practice demonstrated that the“virtual-real integration” mode significantly enhanced students’ theoretical understanding,experimental operation skills,and scientific research awareness.Additionally,the introduction of cutting-edge green chemistry concepts strengthened students’ awareness of low-carbon practices and their sense of social responsibility.This experiment is highly replicable and has strong potential for adoption,offering a practical example for experimental curriculum reform in higher education.

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer is an important phenomenon in photophysics and photochemistry that describes the energy transfer from one fluorescent molecule(donor)to another fluorescent molecule(acceptor).In this paper,we introduce a simple experimental teaching design for fluorescence resonance energy transfer based on blend solution of fluorescent probe molecules.The purpose of this experiment is to help students intuitively understand the principle of energy transfer and its influencing factors by measuring and analyzing the energy transfer phenomenon between Fluorescein and Rhodamine B.Through systematic and concise experimental procedures,including solution preparation,spectral measurement,fluorescence resonance energy transfer experimental operation and result analysis,students will be able to master the basic operation of modern spectroscopy technology and improve their ability in experimental design and data analysis.

Fluorescence experiment is an important experiment in instrumental analysis course in university.Meanwhile,fluorescence is an important concept in both instrumental analysis and physical chemistry courses.Using a traditional fluorophore,fluorescein,and a common fluorimeter,this paper integrates the existing fluorescence experimental designs,and develops a compact version which not only enables students to distinguish fluorescence,Rayleigh scattering,Raman scattering and secondary diffraction of grating in the experiment,but also retains the quantitative aspect of traditional fluorescence experiment.The new design provides ample experimental content,plentiful teacher-student interaction,which not only familiarizes students with quantitative application of fluorescence,but also helps students understand the basic concepts of fluorescence,Rayleigh scattering,Raman scattering and grating,provide them with problems encountered in real scientific research and with problem solving experience,therefore will significantly improve the quality of teaching.

In order to solve the problem of the disconnect between undergraduate practical teaching and the requirements of dual carbon strategy and green development,the Applied Chemistry Practice Teaching Team of China University of Petroleum(East China)has carried out the “Green Practice Week” activity,conducted life cycle assessment of chemical products,set up green experimental projects,and jointly built a green environmental protection enterprise practice platform.The concept of green chemistry and sustainable development has been integrated into the practical teaching system of the Applied Chemistry major,exploring a practical teaching path that conforms to the green development strategy and cultivating professional talents in the field of green chemistry for the future.

Knowledge of instructional strategies is a key component of PCK.This study adopted a qualitative research method to explore the selection,sources and influencing factors of pre-service chemistry teachers’ teaching strategies through classroom transcripts,video stimulation and semi-structured interviews with 20 pre-service chemistry teachers.The study found that pre-service chemistry teachers widely use general teaching strategies(such as lecturing and questioning)in the classroom,but are still deficient in the use of topic-specific teaching strategies such as model construction and analogy. The sources of teaching strategies are diversified,mainly including the literature,high-quality lesson examples,personal educational experiences and teaching experiences,with the highest percentage of literature and high-quality lesson examples. And the main factors affecting the choice of teaching strategies are student characteristics,course content,practical conditions and personal abilities.Based on the results of the study,suggestions were made to enrich the teaching strategies for specific topics,optimize the sources of strategies,pay attention to the factors of students and curriculum,and improve teachers’ reflective ability.

In response to the current challenges in integrating ideological and political education into the pharmaceutical analysis course,this study applies performance assessment based on the principle of backward design.The implementation process follows the steps of“clarifying ideological and political teaching objectives,refining the connotations of these objectives,setting performance-based ideological and political goals,designing performance tasks,developing evaluation criteria,and conducting assessment and feedback.”The application of performance assessment provides a new approach to addressing the contradiction between the implicit nature of ideological and political education outcomes and the explicit nature of course evaluation.By combining resource development,teaching application,and evaluation,this integrated approach offers valuable insights for incorporating ideological and political education into professional courses in vocational education.

The chapter of fundamental of stereochemistry encompasses numerous concepts and professional terms,and the spatial structure of molecule is highly abstract,thereby presenting challenges for students to comprehend and master.Consequently,intelligent teaching platform Rain Classroom is introduced into this chapter.In a problem-oriented manner,we integrate situation learning,experimental inquiry,model demonstration,pharmaceutical cases,in-class tests and curriculum ideology and politics throughout the teaching process,creating an interactive and active classroom teaching.This teaching mode boosts students’ learning interest and initiative,nurtures students’ critical thinking and inquiring spirit,and effectively enhances the teaching effect and teaching quality.

In the teaching of Food Analysis and Detection courses,challenges such as disparities in students’ foundational knowledge,insufficient learning motivation,and singular evaluation system have been identified.To address these issues,attempts have been made to integrate generative artificial intelligence(GenAI)into three key teaching phases:personalized pre-class learning,AI-assisted in-class discussions,and post-class assignment writing.Teaching practices demonstrate that GenAI significantly enhances students’ learning efficiency,engagement,and communication skills,proving its positive role in new engineering specialty courses.This approach offers valuable insights for future explorations of AI-driven pedagogical models.

With the development of science and technology as well as the upgrading of industrial structure,“Emerging Engineering Education” has become a pivotal direction in the field of education.In this context,the author conducted an online questionnaire investigation on students majoring in Environmental Engineering who have already learned the Instrument Analysis course in recent years.The results showed that the original teaching and evaluation mode is no longer conducive to cultivating diversified,innovative,and interdisciplinary applied talents.Therefore,based on the feedback from students and the characteristics of the course,a series of strategies for project-based teaching reform of the Instrument Analysis course based on the OBE(Outcomes-based Education)concept have been proposed in the context of new engineering.Through the teaching reform of the curriculum,it effectively promotes the integration of theory and practice among students,while simultaneously enhancing their comprehensive competencies and innovative capabilities,thereby laying a solid foundation for cultivating future-oriented professional talents with applied skills.

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI),universities face the challenge of integrating traditional education with AI to broaden students’ horizons,foster innovation,and cultivate high-quality,interdisciplinary talent.GenAI,with its powerful content generation and interactive capabilities,shows great potential in education,especially in complex subjects like quantum chemistry.This paper examines the use of GenAI in quantum chemistry teaching and learning,focusing on models like ChatGPT and DeepSeek.It highlights how AI enhances teaching efficiency,supports personalized learning,and helps students better grasp abstract concepts.GenAI is reshaping education by shifting the focus from“knowledge transfer”to“ability development”,creating a collaborative ecosystem of“AI+Teachers+Students”that improves efficiency while preserving critical thinking and creativity.

To solve the teaching bottlenecks in radiochemistry experimental teaching,such as high experimental costs,difficulty in obtaining radioactive isotopes,irreversible experiments,and high risks,and to achieve the effective integration of digital construction of experimental teaching and the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents,a virtual simulation experiment of “Radiation Chemistry Experimental Protection and Application Examples” was developed using virtual simulation technology.This virtual simulation includes radioactive protection,radioactive labeling,product separation and purification,quality control and so all.It creates a scenario based,immersive,and interactive experimental teaching mode,improves the course system of radiochemistry experiments,effectively compensates for the shortcomings of real experiments,breaks through the resource limitations of radioactive chemistry experimental teaching requiring specialized laboratories and professional protective facilities,avoids potential radioactive contamination risks,minimizes students’ radiation doses,and solves the problems of “impossible,unsatisfactory and inaccessible” radioactive chemistry experiments.It promotes the cultivation of radioactive chemistry talents.Through years of experimental teaching application and open sharing,the effect is significant,providing a good example for the construction and application of virtual simulation experimental teaching.

Machine learning technique was introduced into“Computer and Applied Chemistry”course for students to train neural network models based on the conformers’ data of alanine dipeptide,aimed to predict amide-Ⅰ vibrational feature of dipeptides backbone.Students’ understanding of the applications of artificial intelligence was promoted through class practice,and they gained insights into the correlation between molecular structure and vibrational feature,thus would be helpful for cultivating interdisciplinary and innovative talents.

The isoelectric point(pI)is a key physicochemical parameter for zwitterions;however,the current teaching reference books present an oversimplified conceptualization of pI that fails to accurately capture its thermodynamic essence and lacks logical relation to established computational approaches.To address these conceptual limitations,this study redefines pI as the solution pH at which the zwitterionic species with a net charge of zero attains maximum relative concentration.Upon this rigorous definition,we propose a comprehensive framework through development of a “total” dissociation equilibrium model.This model not only derives the mathematical formulation for amino acid pI calculation but also provides a systematic analysis of their charge distribution patterns under varying pH conditions.Our derivation process requires no advanced mathematical skills,yet yields enhanced precision compared to the conventional method.This pedagogical advancement enables students to achieve deeper comprehension of zwitterion ionization behavior.In summary,this paper presents a novel perspective on understanding the concept of pI,and provides a rigorous proof method for the calculation formula.The related analyses and discussions offer valuable references for both theoretical and experimental instruction concerning pI.

In the pathway course Principles of General Chemistry,comprehensive structural chemistry deals with atomic and molecular structures were quickly established along with the rapid development of modern quantum mechanics.The knowledge of this part is in manifold and scattered,which require a lot of effort during teaching and learning.Here,we compile the stories of scientific discoveries and scientists’ biographies involved in the scientific process such as de Broglie matter wave,Schrdinger wave equation,chemical bond theory,X-ray crystallography,and the central dogma in chronological order.We not only introduce the academic genealogy behind these scientific discoveries,but also try to uncover clues of close scientific communications to promote scientific discoveries.This kind of recapitulation is envisioned to present a concrete picture of the science development,which will benefit the learning and teaching of Principles of General Chemistry.