This paper introduced the practical exploration of developing school-based courses based on excellent Chinese classics. The format of this school-based course was to lead students to read the technical processes related to chemistry in Tiangong Kaiwu,and to restore and practice the processes,guiding students to learn,understand,and apply relevant chemical knowledge in practice. Thus,inspiring students’ innovative thinking,enhancing scientific literacy,and enhancing cultural confidence. Explored the feasibility analysis,goal establishment,content organization and other development processes,and specific teaching implementation strategies were provided. In order to provide reference suggestions for frontline teachers to develop and implement school-based curriculum and integrate Chinese excellent traditional culture into the classroom.

This paper employs content analysis to code and investigate the experimental inquiry content in the Jiangsu Education Edition high school chemistry textbook from China and the American high school chemistry textbook Chemistry: Concepts and Applications. The results indicate that the Jiangsu Education Edition textbook places higher demands on students in terms of evidence collection and conclusion formation. Chemistry: Concepts and Applications, on the other hand, pays more attention to the contextualization of experimental inquiry, emphasizing the integration of students’ prior knowledge and life experiences. Both Chinese and American textbooks exhibit unique characteristics in their presentation of experimental inquiry. Based on the analysis, the study provides recommendations for the design and use of experimental inquiry content in chemistry textbooks.

Mongolian medicine is a precious cultural heritage of the Mongolian people and an important component of traditional Chinese culture. The diagnosis and treatment methods of Mongolian medicine are rich and diverse. Mongolian medicine, similar to traditional Chinese medicine, is mainly composed of herbs. Both the treatment methods in Mongolian medicine and Mongolian medicine are closely related to chemistry. By exploring the intersection of Mongolian medicine and chemistry education, we aim to develop middle school chemistry curriculum resources in Mongolian medicine, in order to provide teaching context materials that are infused with ethnic culture for middle school chemistry teachers, and to provide direction for curriculum ideological and political education in middle school chemistry teaching.

Combining theoretical calculations and data to argue the structure of the products from the reaction of iodine with sodium thiosulfate from the perspectives of thermodynamics, kinetics, and reaction regularities. An analysis of students’ answers reveals that inadequate knowledge reserves, a lack of structured understanding, and rigid cognition regarding the relationship between bond energy and bond length lead to errors in their responses. Based on this, a series of questions are used to guide students in their analysis, enabling them to achieve a structured understanding of the principle that “structure determines properties”, and thereby, in specific contexts, combining principles to explore and construct a cognitive model of the relationship between bond length and bond energy.

Taking “etching the school emblem for my class” as the main thread,this paper explores the properties of reactions between metals and oxygen, metals and acid, metals and compound solutions through the process of using acid washing methods to remove impurities from metal surfaces, chooses the appropriate corrosive solutions, and etches the class emblem by hand, etc. During this process, a variety of student activities are designed to allow the students to personally etch the class emblem, which is beneficial for stimulating students’ sustained learning activities, enhancing their key abilities in mastering the study of chemistry, and cultivating their innovative and practical abilities.

Based on the concept of developing students’ literacy of “evidence reasoning”,the teaching of “chemical property of water” is to create an inquiry situation of “proving that water reacts with matter”,by using digital experiments,the students are guided to collect evidence from multiple channels and obtain conclusions by multi-dimensional analysis and reasoning,so as to develop their evidence awareness and reasoning ability and cultivate scientific thinking.

The theme of this project is “production of flexible-zinc air batteries”. Through three tasks: “analysis of zinc-air battery principles” “design and product production of flexible battery models” and “performance testing and optimization of flexible batteries” students are guided to understand the application of flexible batteries. Referring to common chemical power sources,they learn to transfer and apply the structural model of primary batteries to design,manufacture,and improve flexible zinc air batteries,and enrich their understanding of battery research work and experience the application value of primary battery principles in daily life.

Taking the new lecture “structure and properties of organic compounds” as an example,this research designed and practiced the integration of teaching-learning-assessment to develop students’ cognitive mode of organic compound structure. By analyzing the teaching effectiveness through teaching practice,this research proposed a framework for the integration of teaching-learning-assessment to promote the development of cognitive mode of organic compound structure,and summarized the key strategies for implementing the integration of teaching-learning-assessment to develop students’ cognitive mode of organic compound structure.

Based on classroom observation,this paper summarizes the types of inquiring revoicing in high school chemistry open classes,and makes statistics and analysis on the number and types of inquiring revoicing in 15 high school chemistry open classes. Supplemented by real classroom examples,this paper presents the characteristics of various inquiring revoicing and puts forward three suggestions. It is found that the use of teacher questioning is the most frequent,but the depth of interaction is limited; Second,pay attention to correction and guidance; Teacher invitation is minimal,guidance and creation is insufficient.

The rapid development of artificial intelligence generated content (AIGC) presents new opportunities and challenges for education. To assess the potential application of generative AI in high school chemistry education, this study evaluated the problem-solving abilities of two major generative AI models, ChatGPT and iFlytek Spark, on a set of chemistry questions. Their performances were compared with those of students from key high schools who selected chemistry as one of subjects for college entrance examination. The results indicated that the accuracy of the both AI models was only higher than that of a small group of students, with students generally outperforming both models. Further analysis of error types revealed that generative AI encountered issues such as misunderstandings of concepts and insufficient information extraction during problem-solving. Based on these findings, the study provides insights and recommendations for the use of generative AI in chemistry education and its future optimization and development.

This paper studies the color of methane diffusion combustion flames from the perspectives of temperature and oxygen concentration. Using the thinking of analogy,design a gas stove simulation experiment,observe the blue flame of methane premixed combustion,and use it as a context to carry out teaching on gas stove combustion control measures,helping students form a chemical concept that combustion can be controlled. Explain the color of methane flames under different combustion methods and provide suggestions for methane combustion images in textbooks to better serve teaching.

This paper designs two battery exploration experiments suitable for the high school compulsory stage,applying digital handheld technology to conduct a single liquid zinc-copper battery experiment. And it investigates the performance and reaction phenomenon differences of single liquid zinc-copper batteries composed with four types of copper metal materials and various electrolyte compositions,the reasons for these differences are analyzed. The experimental results show that when different copper metals are used as the cathode,the performance of the resulting battery varies. The analysis suggests that other elements present in the different copper cathodes will react preferentially with the electrolyte or simultaneously with the theoretical zinc-copper battery,leading to the observed differences. Additionally,when copper sulfate is used as the electrolyte,the voltage and current of the battery decay rapidly and fluctuate greatly,whereas those of the dilute sulfuric acid battery can remain relatively stable,because copper sulfate electrolyte rapidly changes the morphology and actual reaction area of the zinc electrode.

In order to solve students’ questions about hard water and soft water, the quantitative criteria of hard or soft water and the factors affecting water hardness were investigated by means of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The results showed that: the hardness of water decreased with increasing temperature; With the increase of pH, especially when the alkalinity was very strong, the hardness of water decreased sharply, and when the pH decreased, the hardness of water decreased very little; Different types of water had different hardness; Some water purifiers softened hard water better than boiling. The application of modern analytical technology in junior high school chemistry teaching can change students’ learning mode and thinking mode, broaden their horizons of scientific inquiry.

This paper presents the preparation methods of eight different kinds of crystal rain of seven colors under the conditions of chemistry laboratory in high school,and explores how to increase the success rate of preparation with better conditions. The experiment results indicate that the crystal purity,the natural crystallization process,the pH and the solvent selection altogether have significant effects on the luminosity of the product. This study not only improves students' inquiry and innovation ability,but also lays a foundation for further research and application of the crystal rain.

The schlieren imaging can enable the visualization of transparent gaseous media. Using a smartphone to build a schlieren photography device, applied to improve the staircase candle extinguishing experiment, omitting the staircase setting and directly observing the sinking of carbon dioxide gas, which does not burn or support combustion; Applied to the reaction experiment of dilute hydrochloric acid with zinc particles and calcium carbonate, by comparing and observing the movement paths of gases with different densities; Applied to improve the experiment of ammonia and hydrogen chloride reaction, and to improve the defect of inability to observe the process of white smoke generation in textbook experiments. This technology is applied in chemical gas experiment teaching, which facilitates students to explore the properties of substances by intuitively observing the trajectory of gas movement.

Using the principles of chemical spatial thinking,a simplified model of the three-dimensional structure of cubane (C₈H₈) was constructed,resembling the “chair” structure model of benzene (C₆H₆). A method for rapidly and simply sketching multi-substituted cubane isomers was discovered. The “chair” structure model was employed to analyze the structures of disubstituted and trisubstituted cubane. Furthermore,the structure of tetrasubstituted cubane was analyzed using the “chair plus additional point” model. A novel method for analyzing the enantiomers of multi-substituted cubane was established. This approach may provide new insights for studying the isomers of complex stereo-structures.

In view of the memory formula of “acid dehydroxylation and alcohol dehydrogenation” is often used to briefly outline the esterification reaction process in middle school teaching,which is very one-sided. In order to improve the scientific understanding of the esterification reaction mechanism,Gaussian software was used to deeply investigate the reaction mechanism. The results indicated that acetic acid first underwent protonation,which reacted with ethanol to form intermediate via nucleophilic attack. Finally,dehydration happened to the intermediate to yield ester with the memory formula of “acid dehydroxylation and alcohol dehydrogenation”. The change of the reaction rate constant revealed the basis for the choice of reaction temperature of 383.15~393.15 K. This not only provided theoretical support for high school chemistry teachers when designing their curricula,but also laid a solid foundation for cultivating students’ scientific thinking and accurate understanding of the essence of organic reactions.

American science initiation education attaches importance to the cultivation of students’ scientific literacy, innovative thinking and problem-solving ability, aiming to promote the comprehensive development of students’ scientific literacy through initiation education. In terms of value orientation: American science enlightenment education points to real situations to cultivate scientific literacy; cultivates scientific thinking to stimulate scientific innovation; pays attention to emotional experience to cultivate scientific interest and motivation; emphasizes ethical responsibility to cultivate scientific ethics and social responsibility. On the practical path, American science enlightenment education adopts multi-dimensional strategies: taking curriculum innovation as the leader, building science education ecology; taking online resources as the platform, expanding the space of science enlightenment; taking professional development of science teachers as the support, improving the level of enlightenment education; taking home-school-society cooperation as the link, building an all-round network of education, so as to comprehensively cultivate the comprehensive ability and scientific literacy of students and lay the foundation for the future scientific and technological development and social progress.