1. Wuhan No.12 High School,Wuhan 430021,China; 2. Hubei Institute of Education Sciences,Wuhan 430071,China; 3. No.1 Middle School Affiliated to Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430223,China; 4. Wuhan No.63 Middle School,Wuhan 430033,China
Abstract In 1859,Planté proposed the hypothesis of “electricity generation through redox reactions” based on the “secondary current” phenomenon observed by earlier scientists,and invented the world’s first lead-acid battery. In the late 19th century,the demand for mobile power sources in the electrical industry drove the practical application of pasted plates and alloy grid technologies; lead-acid batteries thus became the first secondary batteries to achieve large-scale commercialization. In the mid-to-late 20th century,breakthroughs in valve-regulated sealed technology effectively solved the problems of water loss and acid mist pollution,leading to the widespread adoption of maintenance-free lead-acid batteries. In the 21st century,the development of the energy storage industry has provided new directions for the research and development of super lead-acid batteries,enabling traditional technologies to continue innovating in new scenarios. Over more than a century,the evolution of lead-acid batteries has remained rooted in the practical needs of society,tracing a path from the laboratory to the production line,and from performance-driven improvements to environmentally coordinated development.
