Abstract In the context of the reform of academic proficiency test item development, this paper constructs a theoretical framework and core principles for thematic item development, proposing that the key elements of thematic item development are holistic situation design, hierarchical question design,and comprehensive knowledge application. Regarding the chemistry experiment questions for the 2025 Shanghai college entrance examination, thematic item development focuses on three essentials: organized content, standardized concepts, and clear features. In addition, the implementation strategy for thematic item development is advocated: dissect the features of exam questions to expand ideas; consult extensive sources and select situational materials with precision; stay closely aligned with a single theme while exploring multiple perspectives.
ZHOU Guo-Liang, LI Zi-Ming. Theoretical Framework and Practical Exploration of Thematic Item Development: Chemistry Experiment Questions in Shanghai College Entrance Examination[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Education, 2026, 47(5): 15-21.
