Abstract The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017 was awarded to Richard Henderson,Joachim Frank and Jacques Dubochet for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution. Richard Henderson, obtained the first 3D protein structure of atomic resolution by utilizing electron microscopy technique, initiating a new era of biomolecular structure determination. Joachim Frank, developed a new analysis method of 3D structure drawing by 2D structure drawing, which broke the rules that the biomolecular sample has regular arrangement, fixed orientation and uniform structure. Jacques Dubochet, developed the technique to cool rapidly liquid water into glassy water, solving the problem of ice that disperses electron beam and destroys biomolecular structure.