The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017 was awarded to Richard Henderson,Joachim Frank and Jacques Dubochet for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution. Richard Henderson, obtained the first 3D protein structure of atomic resolution by utilizing electron microscopy technique, initiating a new era of biomolecular structure determination. Joachim Frank, developed a new analysis method of 3D structure drawing by 2D structure drawing, which broke the rules that the biomolecular sample has regular arrangement, fixed orientation and uniform structure. Jacques Dubochet, developed the technique to cool rapidly liquid water into glassy water, solving the problem of ice that disperses electron beam and destroys biomolecular structure.

Nerve agent are organophosphorus compounds or organophosphates, act primarily by irreversibly inhibiting acetylcholinesterase resulting in an accumulation of acetylcholine, which produces the characteristic signs of nerve agent poisoning. This article briefly introduced the nerve agents, outlined the structure, toxicity and control of VX nerve agents.

The grade evaluation system for the analytical chemistry experiment course is built with Excel formula, IF function and cross-worksheets sum function. The influence index and index weight of the grade evaluation system are studied, and this system is used to rate the students' grades with positive results.

In organic chemistry teaching, the delocalization of π orbitals are described by both the molecular orbital (MO) theory and the resonance structures of the valence bond (VB) theory. On the other hand, hyperconjugation effects of σ bond are mainly described by MO theory, and it usually does not have the corresponding resonance VB description. This paper tries to describe the hyperconjugation effects of σ bond by resonance structures. The resulting representations are clear and easy to understand. Moreover, knowledge points from different chapters can be linked together. It will help students master organic chemistry knowledge and gain a deeper understanding of the electronic structure and resonance theory.

The knowledge for deducing reaction mechanism from rate law is less introduced in the textbook of physical chemistry. The empirical rules for deducing reaction mechanism from rate law were introduced as well as the general steps for deducing the reaction mechanism, which is helpful for the self-study and can provide the basic knowledge for the researcher.

Production and electrochemical performance test of CR2032 lithium ion battery is designed as a comprehensive experiment for university undergraduate students, which includes the materials synthesis, characterization, electrode preparation, battery assembly and performance testing of cathode materials. Experiments were carried out based on the preparation of inorganic materials and electrochemical principle. Through the literature review, the establishment of synthetic route, material preparation and characterization, battery assembly and testing and other comprehensive experimental methods to enable students to understand the current common cathode material types, synthetic methods, the basic structure and performance test methods of battery.In the teaching process, student exploration is the main body, so that to cultivate students' scientific inquiry literacy, access to literature, design experiment and cooperative development capability.

In order to improve the teaching quality, a new concept, "teaching one, practicing two and testing three" was proposed by Nankai University in 2015. Based on the philosophy, a comprehensive reform including teaching mode, teaching content and assessment method has been carried out in organic chemistry experiment course. "Teaching one" means that the teacher should present the key points to determine the results of the experiment incisively, while the other contents should be learned mainly by the students themselves; "Practicing two" inquires the teacher arrange the experiments reasonably to increase the students' chance to exercise; "Testing three" defines that the testing content is not limited to the text books, while it should follow the recent progress in organic chemistry. The practice shows that the teaching reform in organic chemistry experiment course can develop interests in learning and increase the innovative ability.

According to the requirement of China engineering education accreditation and the guidance of experiment teaching, we designed the comprehensive experiment of acid black 10B from the teaching content and teaching method. In order to increase the effects of students in the experimental process, we increased the teaching content, including dye synthesis, dye standardization, dyeing application and degradation of dyeing wastewater. These experiments could increase the students' understanding of the dye industry process. Therefore, the teamwork skills and scientific research ability of students could be improved.

Using ethyl acetoacetate as substrate, 4,4-dibenzyl-3-Butene-2-one was successfully obtained with selective protection and deprotection on ketone carbonyl group. The experiment procedures include anhydrous and anaerobic operation, reduced pressure distillation, flash column chromatography, etc. As a well-established synthetic route, the product was easily purified and the yield was high. In combination with the spectroscopy analysis, this experiment improved students' experimental ability of organic synthesis, and deepened their understanding and application of the theoretical knowledge of spectroscopy. Therefore, a good teaching effect was achieved.

Ion chromatography (IC) is a liquid chromatography based on the separation principle of ion exchange and has been widely applied to the determination of quality percentage content for anion ions. In this experiment, fluoride ion was released from toothpaste under strong acid condition, and then determined by ion chromatography. The fluoride quality percentage contents for 4 kinds of toothpastes were determined, and all of the results were in line with the GB requirements. By performing the experiment, students can not only master the pretreatment method of solid phase extraction, but also understand and grasp the principle and operation of ion chromatograph as a qualitative and quantitative method. During the process of this experimental teaching, both the students' learning interests were improved and the manipulating abilities were enhanced. In addition, students' awareness of instrument maintenance was also specially strengthened. Teaching effectiveness is apparent in two years of teaching practice, exploration and improvement.

After doing the experiment on extracting caffeine from tea, the students also want to know how to extract caffeine from coffee, however few literatures are available so far. In order to solve the students' confusion, this paper introduced the experiment operations of the extraction of caffeine from instant coffee. The experimental methods to obtain pure caffeine included the filtration, extraction, drying, distillation, sublimation and other operations. On the basis of the information provided by this paper and comparing the different experimental methods for extracting caffeine from two different substances,students can better understand the relationship between the material properties and the experimental methods/operation steps. The understanding towards the extraction experiment and the operation methods are enhanced, and therefore the students' innovative ability and practical ability are improved.

By listing the instances of medicinal chemistry teaching, this paper analyzed how to utilize the task-driven teaching mode to change the traditional way of medicinal chemistry teaching for the purpose of integrating inside and outside classroom teaching and cultivating students' learning initiatives. These examples included making cards of key drugs, carrying out small thematic teaching and writing book reports. Teaching practice indicated that making cards could both improve teaching efficiency and consolidate classroom teaching, small thematic teaching method could stimulate students' learning interests and cultivate their exploration spirits, and writing book reports could expand teaching contents.

Organic chemistry is an important undergraduate course in pharmacy. It lays the foundation for follow-up learning of key courses such as pharmaceutical chemistry and pharmaceutics. This article summarized the author's long-years-experience in teaching organic chemistry in pharmacy by employing the method of "learning based on the task" in the teaching. By choosing typical drugs which were suitable as starting points for teaching, we took functional groups in the specific drug structures as examples to teach composition and characteristics of the functional groups of organic compounds. The leaning of physical and chemical properties, identification methods and the stability of the typical drugs were incorporated into organic chemistry course. Furthermore, we guided students to use power point presentation, online data search, QQ and other modern methods of communication to consolidate have-learned-knowledge. This teaching method not only can mobilize students' learning initiative, but also can promote students' enthusiasm for the study of pharmacy. In the end, it achieved the purpose of "being able to apply what one has learned", and significantly improved the teaching results.

Because of the particularity of chemistry subject, the graduate students in chemistry need professional ethics education, and the management of chemical laboratory has to follow industry standards. Combining the concrete examples, the necessity of professional ethics education for the graduate students in chemistry was analyzed. The positive effects of professional ethics education on the management of chemical laboratory were discussed. The main approaches to promote professional ethics education by the management of chemical laboratory were expounded. The above thoughts provide helpful references for the graduate education in chemistry and the management of chemical laboratory.

The kinetic molecular theory of Brownian motion, coupled with experimental confirmation, offered the proof of existence of molecules and enabled the early determination of Brownian particle size, diffusion coefficient and Avogadro's constant. Here, a sequence of images converted from videos of Brownian motion, was run through a widely used open source image processing package, which permits more convenient measurement of physical quantities. Additionally, we established an graphical user interface for the program for easy operation. This study provides students with the opportunity to conduct experiment and statistical calculations, which engages students in fuller conceptual realization of the random nature of particle dynamics.

Material Studio (MS) software with 7.0 version can be adopted to visualize 3-oxadicyclo(3.2.0)-hepta-1,4-diene (OHD) molecules packing in three dimensional pattern with possible space groups by Visualizer, DMol³ and Polymorph Predictor moduli. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of this given compound crystal structure can also be achieved due to the optimization and refinement of crystallinity simulation. With an intuitive representation of crystal structure, MS provides a better understanding of key points in structural chemistry education process by 3D crystal visualization, which is not available in the traditional Gaussian software.

In the teaching of University Chemistry, there are diverse versions in different textbooks about calculation condition of the hydrogen ions concentration in polybasic weak acid solutions. This brings much confusion to the teaching of teachers and the learning of students. The calculation condition with relative versatility was selected through discussing K_a1/K_a2 of polybasic weak acids to determine whether the hydrogen ions dissociated by the second dissociation of polybasic weak acids could be ignored. The discussion was based on the allowed relative error of the simplist calculating formula of the hydrogen ions concentration of weak acids. The calculation strategy with general applicability based on charge balance equation was also discussed.