Scientific Thinking: Connotation, Elements and Methods
ZHU Yu-Jun1, WANG Xiang-Feng2*
1. College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; 2. Analysis and Test Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Abstract From the connotation and basic elements of thinking, this paper analyzed the cornerstone of scientific thinking: logical system and evidence, and elaborated on the characteristics of objectivity, rationality, verifiability, systematicity, and accuracy of scientific thinking; Explored the connotations of scientific thinking methods such as comparison, classification, analogy, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, and the precautions for their application; Analyzed the successful mechanisms and thinking quality characteristics of outstanding scientists, with special emphasis on the thinking quality characteristics that scientists in the 21st century should possess and their implications for science education.
