Taking Shanxi mature vinegar, a national intangible cultural heritage, as an example, this paper explores the chemical changes and material basis of vinegar from the perspectives of fermentation technology, fumigation technology and aging technology in the unique production technology, uncovers the chemical mystery of mature vinegar with unique flavor and health care, and draws the distance between chemistry and life closer.

From the connotation and basic elements of thinking, this paper analyzed the cornerstone of scientific thinking: logical system and evidence, and elaborated on the characteristics of objectivity, rationality, verifiability, systematicity, and accuracy of scientific thinking; Explored the connotations of scientific thinking methods such as comparison, classification, analogy, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, and the precautions for their application; Analyzed the successful mechanisms and thinking quality characteristics of outstanding scientists, with special emphasis on the thinking quality characteristics that scientists in the 21st century should possess and their implications for science education.

STEM education has been widely concerned as an emerging path to cultivate compound talents. The connotation of STEM education is systematically explained from the perspectives of ontology, epistemology and axiology: the essence of STEM education points to the understanding of the composition and relationship of STEM disciplines in terms of curriculum orientation, and the understanding of the particularity of interdisciplinary teaching concepts in terms of teaching orientation; The teaching of STEM education emphasizes the understanding of the connotation and structure of STEM literacy, and also emphasizes the understanding of the concept of integrated STEM education; At the national level, STEM education has the value of enhancing the country’s comprehensive strength and core competitiveness, and at the individual level, it has the value of promoting the all-round development of individuals. Accurate grasp of the connotation of STEM education is the premise of effectively carrying out STEM education, and it is also the necessary way to fully realize the modernization of education.

Technological literacy is a necessary literacy for modern citizens to adapt to social development, and chemical education is an important way to cultivate technological literacy. According to the technological content analysis framework of technological literacy, this paper makes a text analysis of the technological content in the new compulsory senior high school chemistry textbooks of People’s education press, Jiangsu phoenix education press and Shandong science and technology press, and concludes their characteristics are as follows: extensive and diversified content with technological knowledge as its main content; flexible organization and various lengths; lots of word presentation and diverse image types. Based on this, it is suggested for textbook compilation to enrich knowledge of technological history, focus on technological content layout and presentation, and strengthen the position of technological rationality. In the teaching, it is advisable to create real technological situation, attach importance to the cultivation of technological rationality, and carry out technological practice activities.

With “electrochemical corrosion” as the knowledge theme, in combination with the requirements of curriculum standards and principles of setting questions, this paper organically integrates various tools in the setting questions process, and assigns classroom exercises oriented by core literacy. Achieve analysis model and data mining method are used to evaluate the designated exercises from the level of teachers and students. The results show that the classroom exercises can scientifically and effectively realize the timely evaluation of students’ academic level under specific knowledge topics, and provides operable reference for the subsequent research on literacy-oriented questions setting and evaluation of achievement of academic requirements.

Based on the implementation of the core quality of chemistry in classroom teaching and the idea of “structure determines nature”, this paper studies the effective components of sunscreen, and starts with the sunscreen performance of cinnamic acid, to study the structure of cinnamic acid, modify its structure, improve its properties, design and evaluate the synthesis of p-methoxycinnamic acid-2-ethylhexyl ester. It makes the students realize the applied value of chemical subject knowledge, and enhances the students’ ability to solve practical problems with chemical knowledge.

Inspired by the suggestion of “synthesis of ethyl cinnamate” in the new curriculum standard, this paper designs project-based teaching with the theme of “industrial synthesis of ethyl cinnamate”, and cleverly integrates the educational thought of “vocational orientation”. The whole project is divided into three sub-activities. “Organic synthesis researcher”, “chemical design engineer” and “environmental protection officer” are invited to participate in the teaching of the project. While mastering typical organic synthesis methods and understanding industrial ideas, students can form a general understanding of the chemical profession.

In view of the fact that the mode of “teacher teaching-student receiving-intensive training” in the current chemistry concept teaching is difficult to adapt to the “literacy-based” teaching, “deep learning” is proposed to guide the chemistry concept teaching. With the background of “the history of chemistry”, the means of “cognitive conflict”, and the support of various scaffolds such as situations, data and problems, the students are guided by a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to completely construct the new concept of entropy from four aspects: the introduction of entropy, the deepening of entropy, the expansion of entropy and the application of entropy.

Based on the big ideas, this study analyzed the ability elements contained in the theme of “chemical equations” and the difficulties that students have in understanding chemical equations. According to the above research, the author designed systematic teaching objectives, and put forward suggestions for improving higher quality and increasing higher efficiency in teaching of chemical equation under the background of “double reduction” policy, it was elaborated from two aspects: real situation suggestions and teaching activity strategies.

At present, organic chemistry teaching in senior high school is faced with a wide range of functional groups, focusing on mechanical memory, splitting functional groups into many isolated categories without constructing theoretical analysis models and reaction law systems. Through the analysis of the new curriculum standard, taking bromoethane substitution and elimination reactions as examples, students are guided to quantitatively analyze electronegativity data, qualitatively infer inductive effect, speculate on reaction active site, and predict reaction process and mechanism. Therefore, an understanding perspective of organic chemical reaction analysis based on the principle elements of inductive effect is established, and the analysis system and model of organic chemistry are constructed to grasp the essence and law of organic reaction. Cultivate students’ ability to understand and reflect from macro and static perspectives to micro and dynamic analysis of principles, develop core competencies, and establish a unity of opposites such as positive and negative, yin and yang, and universality and particularity.

The production of scientific knowledge should serve to solve scientific problems with economic and social goals, and the interdisciplinary practice of chemistry should highlight its disciplinary status under the guidance of disciplinary value. Using the form of science and technology games for reference, the team carried out a 5-meter race faster for self-made new energy cars, and the team was surprised to develop a “miracle car race” that refreshed the original results. Focusing on the in-depth exploration of how “Miracle Racing” was made, why it came up with this production method, and what was the principle behind it, the experiment demonstrated the essence of its hydrogen oxygen fuel cell power. Felt the charm of hydrogen energy in the interdisciplinary practice of solving the real problem of material and energy recycling.

Teaching socio-scientific issues in science classroom can promote the development of students’ scientific thinking, promote the formation of students’ attitudes and responsibilities, and deepen the understanding of students’ scientific concepts. The CAFPC teaching mode, which consists of five stages of “confronting the situation, analyzing the problem, focusing on the issue, practical application and model construction”, is constructed for SSI unit teaching, which has strong operability, practicability and suitability. Taking the socio-scientific issues of “use of novel sweeteners” as an example, the series of situations contained in the “sugar-free beverage” run through the whole teaching process, and the CAFPC teaching mode is applied to SSI teaching, in order to promote the real implementation of SSI teaching in science classes.

In the analysis of isomers of dichlorides, disordered thinking and repeated calculation have always been the pain points of students. In this study, an ordered thinking model was constructed, and descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to study the influence of the thinking model on the development of the analysis ability of isomers of dichlorides in senior three students. The teaching instant effect and retention effect of dichlorinated species number analysis of simple and complex organic matter at two levels were involved. In addition, the psychological experience of students in using the model was investigated. The results showed that the ordered thinking model had a significant teaching instant effect and retention effect on improving students’ ability to analyze the number of dichlorinated species of more complex organic matter. The orderliness of students’ thinking was strengthened. In terms of psychological experience, students’ confidence in the analysis of dichlorinated species was significantly enhanced. This study has certain reference significance for students to solve similar procedural tasks.

This article introduces the six dimensions of chemical thinking proposed by Vicente Talanquer, and integrates multi-dimensional chemical thinking into chemical discipline understanding, enriching the teaching practice and theoretical research of chemical discipline understanding. This article finds that multi-dimensional chemical thinking can be combined with abstract cognitive thinking, providing an operable case for front-line teachers to more easily enter teaching based on chemical discipline understanding through instructional design of “the structure and properties of benzene”, thereby promoting the development of teachers’ professional abilities, helping students deepen the nature of discipline knowledge and improve the construction of chemical thinking frameworks.

This article focuses on chemistry teachers. Firstly, it elaborates on the meaning, content, and construction significance of teacher professional file bags. Secondly, it analyzes the characteristics and construction strategies of professional file bags, points out the training path for chemistry teachers’ professional literacy, and finally discusses the practical essentials of building professional file bags based on case studies.

A facile gradient science popularization activity of chemical information security was designed using daily vegetables and fruits, utilizing the discoloration characteristics of anthocyanin extracted from daily food in acid or base medium. During the funny science trick, original invisible writing was accomplished with acid or alkaline solution as magic ink, and the handwriting appeared under the anthocyanin spray subsequently. Invisible writing and handwriting appearance were typical encryption process. This science popularization experiment was arranged using Reverse Thinking mode, breaking traditional mindset. Since the materials of this science trick could be obtained from daily life, it was really green, safe, easy to operate and observe. At the same time, the scientific concepts such as the principle of substance color development, acid-base discoloration, acid-base measurement of water and soil were also popularized.

To calculate the solubility of barium sulfate in sulfuric acid solution, the second ionization of sulfuric acid should be considered; The hydrolysis of sodium carbonate should be considered when calculating the solubility of barium carbonate in sodium carbonate solution. The solubility of insoluble electrolytes in strong electrolyte solutions containing the same ions is calculated by using ion activity, both the same ion effect and the influence of salt effect on the solubility are considered, which makes the calculation results more accurate and reliable and can avoid some misconceptions.

As an important factor affecting the literacy-based classroom teaching and the development of teachers’ professional quality, the understanding of chemistry subject has attracted extensive attention from researchers in recent years. Taking 21 domestic doctoral and master degree theses from 2019 to 2022 as the research objects, this paper sorts out, counts, summarizes and analyzes the literature characteristics, dimension construction and research direction through content analysis. The results show that in terms of literature characteristics, research methods are diverse and research topics are abundant; in terms of dimension construction, it is based on subject knowledge and takes the philosophy of chemistry as theoretical command; in terms of research direction, the development and testing of evaluation tools in status evaluation research is the key, and the application of subject understanding to guide practice in teaching research is the difficulty. Based on the above research, it provides reference and suggestions for subject understanding evaluation research, teaching practice and teacher education.