Papermaking is a technology that restructures plant fibers through chemical methods to form porous materials,representing one of China’s greatest contributions to world civilization. Ancient papermaking processes-such as cutting bamboo and soaking it in ponds,boiling bark with sufficient fire,agitating pulp onto screens,pressing sheets,drying over fire,and optimizing performance-embody numerous chemical principles. These techniques demonstrate the extraordinary skill and wisdom of ancient artisans in utilizing natural resources through chemical methods. Modern papermaking has innovated upon traditional methods,particularly in pulping and bleaching,while also developing new paper types through cellulose modification,functional additives,microstructure control,and composite design based on structure-property principles,thereby expanding its applications. Future advancements in papermaking will focus on sustainability,functionality,and intelligent development.

The technique of glaze firing is the intangible cultural heritage of China,and its inheritance is intricately intertwined with the development of chemical technology. The composition of the raw materials,the melting process,the coloring mechanism and the shaping procedure of glaze contain a vast amount of chemical knowledge. Meanwhile,the essence of the evolution of ancient glaze and modern glaze is the iterative development of chemical components,reaction principles and process technologies. From the chemical perspective,this paper took the past glaze and present glaze as the main line,unveiled the historical culture and chemical wisdom of the ancient glaze,analyzed the chemical innovation of the modern glaze and explored the integration path of intangible cultural heritage in chemical education to realize the protection,inheritance and innovation of intangible cultural heritage.

To tackle the challenges of limited knowledge integration and insufficient depth in interdisciplinary practical activities in middle school chemistry, and to align with the principles of the new curriculum standards, this project employs the theme of “small fish land aquaculture” to develop a project-based learning model structured around six progressive tasks. Through iterative practice in breeding monitoring, water quality management, and engineering optimization, students gain a thorough understanding of key chemistry concepts such as oxygen and water purification. When confronted with real challenges like the “fish mortality incident”, students demonstrate notable growth in their chemical understanding, scientific reasoning, inquiry skills, as well as in their scientific attitudes and sense of responsibility. The preliminary summary of interdisciplinary practical model for middle school chemistry aims to offer a practical, localized framework to support comprehensive interdisciplinary practice in middle school chemistry.

This study deeply integrates the core knowledge of “preparing a solution with a specific mass fraction of solute” with the intangible cultural heritage skill of Dali Bai tie-dyeing. Using the project theme “decrypting the beauty of gradients” and adopting the 6E teaching model,it guides students through the complete practical process from solution preparation to tie-dye creation. In the teaching process,students design concentration gradient schemes,prepare dye solutions of different concentrations,and carry out monochrome and gradient droplet dyeing,thereby understanding the quantitative significance of solution concentration within an authentic cultural and aesthetic context. The project emphasizes students’ active participation and cognitive development in experimental design,data collection,and error analysis,providing a referential case for integrating intangible cultural heritage into chemistry teaching.

With the driving task of “investigating how reverse osmosis desalinates seawater”,combined with the interdisciplinary concept of “structure and function” and the core chemical theme of “substances separation”,students are guided to independently put forward key questions to solve the core task. Based on students’ acquired knowledge and life experience,the inquiry is carried out from the perspectives of bionics,engineering design and chemistry,centering on four sub-tasks. It helps students understand technical principles and perceive the charm and value of science and technology.

Under the theme of preparing calcium carbonate from oyster shells,the project incorporates sustainable development principles through three sub-tasks: Techniques for extracting calcium,methods for generating calcium,and approaches for refining calcium. Employing digital experiments to quantitatively investigate reaction conditions,it guides students in using AI-assisted tools to complete the entire process: from identifying waste components and separating substances to producing end products,thereby enhances their ability to solve real-world problems.

With the theme of “investigating the changes and rational use of household fuels”,resources from the Shenzhen Gas Science Museum are introduced into interdisciplinary practical activities in junior high school chemistry. Through exploring combustion conditions and fuel composition,investigating the history of household fuel changes and transportation applications,exploring kitchen stoves and safety emergencies,and looking forward to new energy and sustainable development,four sub tasks are used to help students establish basic concepts of combustion and fire extinguishing,combustion regulation,broaden their scientific understanding of fire and explosion prevention,deeply understand the history of household fuel changes and transportation utilization,develop scientific thinking and engineering thinking,establish the concept of green environmental protection,and provide reference paradigms for teaching based on the museum school cooperation model.

This article takes the teaching of the concept of chemical reaction limits as an example,and under the guidance of the instructional theory of constructivism,uses hand-held technology digital experiments to carry out constructivist teaching. Based on the important role of the ocean in environmental protection,a running-through situation is created,and PDE teaching strategy is adopted to guide students to construct the core concepts of chemical reaction limit and chemical equilibrium state through qualitative observation and quantitative data analysis. Teaching practice has shown that this model effectively promotes students’ understanding and transfer of concepts,providing an operable path for the teaching of abstract chemical concepts.

This paper addresses the societal science issue of “the pros and cons of sodium dehydroacetate as a food additive”,designing and implementing teaching practices for this topic based on the Eilks teaching model. By guiding students to explore the topic from multiple perspectives: including structure,properties,functions,and societal impacts: the practice enhanced students’ critical thinking and decision-making abilities. The teaching practice demonstrates that this model helps students integrate disciplinary knowledge in real-world contexts and strengthen their sense of social responsibility,providing an effective pathway for developing core competencies.

Periodical literature is an important resource for middle school chemistry teachers to deepen professional understanding and optimize teaching practice. Through a questionnaire survey,this study found that high school chemistry teachers mainly faced three dilemmas in the application of periodical literature,such as vague cognition of curriculum standards,limited application to output,and the fault of transformation ability. Based on the teaching practice cases,this paper put forward that the periodical literature can be used as the “inspiration library” of teaching design,the “reference book” of troubleshooting,the “technology station” of experimental innovation,the “situational source” of test question ordering and the “frontier window” of vision expansion,so as to build a five-dimensional application path. It was suggested to build a support system from three aspects: social support,school-based research and professional guidance,so as to improve the efficiency of journal literature application,promoted teachers from “passive coping” to “active application”,and realized professional self-development.

This paper uses the “Element Memory Battle” four-in-one game as the practical carrier,and proposes and validates a series development method for chemical education games based on the AI code editor Cursor. It includes: (1) Series conception and design (multi-game design based on knowledge mapping); (2) Series instruction engineering (templating of prompts); (3) Series testing and optimization (overall coordination optimization). This provides a transferable technical path for frontline teachers to move from developing “single games” to “series games”.

Aiming at the prominent problems of high pollution, unintuitive phenomena, and cumbersome separation and purification in the traditional preparation and hydrolysis experiments of ethyl acetate, this study integrates the concepts of green chemistry and visualized inquiry to optimize the experimental device and catalytic system. For the preparation experiment, a Soxhlet extractor was used as an integrated reaction-separation device, anhydrous AlCl₃ was adopted to replace traditional concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst, and a composite indicator system of methyl violet-color-changing silica gel-phenolphthalein was matched to realize real-time visualized monitoring of the reaction process and efficient, closed separation of products. For the hydrolysis experiment, a blood collection tube microreactor was used, combined with Sudan Ⅲ staining and an ethanol sensor, to intuitively present and quantitatively compare the reaction rates under different conditions. The improved experiment realizes reagent miniaturization, process visualization and data quantification, significantly reduces pollution and safety risks, improves the inquiry and teaching effect of the experiment, and provides a practical example for the greenization and digital reform of high school chemistry experiments.

In the aspirin functional group detection experiment,two anomalous phenomena were observed: During carboxyl group analysis,the solution exhibited intensified red coloration 24 hours after adding litmus solution; in ester group analysis,when NaHCO₃ solution was added to neutralize the catalyst dilute sulfuric acid,no purple coloration was observed after adding ferric chloride solution unless NaHCO₃ concentration was controlled. To address these anomalies,a series of experimental investigations were conducted focusing on the acidity of aspirin hydrolysis products,hydrolysis reaction conditions,and regulation of Fe³⁺ chromogenic reactions with hydrolysis products. Building on this foundation,UV spectrophotometric analysis was performed to study “purple color gradation of salicylic acid coordination with Fe³⁺ at different concentrations”,which enabled estimation of salicylic acid yield and hydrolysis rate during aspirin degradation. Finally,solutions for abnormal phenomena were systematically analyzed from two dimensions—analytical sample sources and detection methodologies—while optimizing the aspirin functional group detection protocol. These findings provide reference for experimental design and operational protocols in multi-functional compound analysis.

The Scientist-Teacher-Student Partnership (STSP) serves as a significant collaborative model in international science education, facilitating the deep integration of cutting-edge research with basic education. It plays a crucial role in enhancing students’ scientific practice capabilities and advancing teachers’ professional competence. This paper systematically reviews the evolution of STSP, tracing its development from the Student-Scientist Partnership (SSP) and the Scientist-Teacher Partnership (STP) to the expanded and deepened form of STSP. Despite its conceptual advancement, the implementation of STSP still faces practical challenges such as role conflicts, time constraints, insufficient resources, and institutional gaps. Drawing on international experiences, implications for China include: confronting practical dilemmas to avoid deviations in implementation; innovating cross-boundary mechanisms to overcome collaborative constraints; and strengthening institutional support to foster a culture of cooperation.

Cyclization reactions have consistently been a key topic in the National High School Chemistry Olympiad. The Baldwin rules, serving as crucial principles governing nucleophilic ring formation, are essential knowledge that candidates must master. Therefore, building upon the original Baldwin rules and incorporating illustrative reaction examples, this paper summarizes recent scientific advancements by combining examples of nucleophilic, radical and electrophilic reactions in their modifications and extensions. Combined with the competition questions and exam points are also included to guide competitors in comprehending this critical topic.

This study addresses the critical challenge of integrating students’ spatial thinking with mechanistic analysis in stereochemistry education. We propose a novel teaching model centered on the interconversion of stereochemical representations. The model strategically redefines the roles of key representations: the Fischer projection serves as a central hub for planar configuration assignment,while the wedge-dash,sawhorse,and Newman projections act as tools for spatial and mechanistic analysis. This forms a dual-path framework,comprising the “Analytical Path (to FP)” for simplifying configuration determination and the “Mechanistic Path (from FP)” for visualizing reaction dynamics. The model’s efficacy is demonstrated through case studies of fundamental reactions,including electrophilic addition to alkenes,S_N2 substitution of haloalkanes,and E2 elimination,demonstrating its effectiveness in bridging static configurational analysis with dynamic reaction processes. Furthermore,by incorporating digital tools like Chem3D,we have established a closed-loop learning cycle: “structure building → representation interconversion → mechanism simulation → product verification”. This integrated approach significantly reduces students’ cognitive load and effectively enhances their conceptual understanding and problem-solving skills in stereochemistry.

Liebig’s elemental quantitative analysis method for organic compounds has promoted the development of organic chemistry. The 2019 new edition of the People’s Education Press textbook, Selective Compulsory 3, introduces this method. Through a review of domestic and international literature, this paper presents the historical background of the birth of Liebig’s method, Liebig’s invention and improvement of the elemental analysis apparatus and experimental procedures for organic compounds, the development of Liebig’s method, and its historical status. Finally, the educational value embodied in Liebig’s method is summarized.