Vanadium is the 21st richest element in the Earth’s crust and is an essential trace element for human body. This article describes the discovery, natural distribution, and circulation of vanadium in the human body. It sheds light on the vanadate-phosphate antagonism mechanism by studying the chemical structure. From the angle of biochemical mechanism, the article explains the regulation of vanadium compounds on kinases and phosphatases, and their influence on RNA and DNA function and reactive oxygen species. It also explores the potential pharmacological effects on the treatment of diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular protection from the perspective of human health.

The interview questions of chemistry major in the enrollment of colleges and universities in China can be divided into four categories: Chemistry professional knowledge and professional ambition, chemistry and environmental protection, chemistry in production and life, chemistry historical facts, etc. The solutions of all kinds of questions are analyzed and the teaching countermeasures are put forward.

Based on the current situation of sucrose industry in Guangxi, and using comprehensive utilization of sugarcane as setting situation, setting up several key issues, this paper tried to guide students to think from the perspective of industrial production and living reality, analyze and explain the structure and nature of sugar substances, and put forward solutions for the healthy development of sucrose industry in China. This paper also tried to cultivate students’ ability to solve comprehensive problems, help students further understand the relationship between chemistry, production and life, and feel the value of chemistry in social development.

This study was grounded on the theory of concept structure in cognitive psychology. Multi-dimensional scaling and classification analysis were used to analyze students’ concept of chemical equilibrium. The results showed that there were two dimensions in students’ concept structure and students’ classification was correlation clustering. Effects on students’ concepts structure were discussed and suggestions to improve teaching were given.

The scientific spirit is the method, culture and value orientation formed in the process of scientific development. It has the characteristics of exploration, questioning, seeking truth, persistence and innovation. The article takes the history of chemistry as the main line, from the perspective of “the story of Mendeleev and Periodic Law of (Chemical) Elements”, explores the teaching of chemical innovation in middle schools, and strives to cultivate the core literacy of students’ scientific spirit.

Based on the theories of philosophy of science and linguistics,the discourse meaning of triple representation in chemistry was emphasized, which aimed to help students to express the triple representation in their mind scientifically and to communicate with one another. On the basis of the clarifying the relationship between triple representation and discourse, the discourse meaning (such as grammar, semantics and pragmatics meaning) of triple representation were inquired by the means of the analysis of relevant teaching transcripts. The internal connections and the relationship of language and discourse expressions between macro, micro, and symbolic representation were deconstructed. It helped students to communication more efficiency while they were constructing, connecting and transforming different kinds of representations. Finally, three teaching strategies were put forward which aimed at solving related teaching problems.

With the method of meta-analysis, taking the theme of chemical content as an example, this paper comprehensively explored the effects of experimental research and quasi experimental research on conceptual change in English journals from 2000 to 2018. According to the inclusion criteria and extremum filter, 60 effective studies were obtained. Using CMA2.0 software for data analysis, the results showed that in the past 19 years, the overall effect of scientific concept change research was significant; there were significant differences in the effect of four types of concept change strategies: analogy thinking, emotional teaching, learning style and teaching media, but they were all effective strategies.

Visualizer, Build and Symmetry property modules in MS molecular simulation software were adopted in visualization of “metallic atoms” “metallic crystals” and “metallic density” in high school chemistry. The successive representation in MS software at different sales (from angstrom, nanometer, micron to centimeter) was expected to further comprehend the relationship between micro-structure and macro-property of chemical matter from the atomic and molecular viewpoint.

In order to improve the quality of generating test papers, item bank of junior high school chemistry was established based on fclassroom data. According to the two way detailed lists, the function of generating test papers from fclassroom data was used. By using SPSS software to analyze and evaluate comprehensively the difficulty, discrimination, reliability and validity of the test paper, results showed that the evaluation indexes of the test paper based on fclassroom data were excellent, met the test requirements, and the quality of the test paper was high.

In this paper, a set of contrast experimental device, i.e. chemical reaction device and primary battery device, was designed by taking the common copper-zinc galvanic cell reaction as an example. The specific forms of energy released in the chemical reaction are shown as “heat”and “work”based on the energy change in the chemical reaction device. Compared with the primary battery device, it is proved that the “heat”in the primary battery converts into electrical energy.

Based on hand-held technology, replacing the salt bridge with cation-exchange membrane, as well as replacing beaker with filter paper, this paper improved the double-liquid copper-zinc primary battery to a novel sandwich copper-zinc primary battery. Experimental inquiry and micro-analysis indicated that the improved battery was highly efficient and miniature, with advantages of durable currents, simple devices, easy operation, smaller amount of drug usage and no pollution et al. Overall, this study uncovered working mechanism of membrane battery and reoccurred membrane battery experiments in National College Entrance Examinations, as well as constructed a basic chemical battery model. Furthermore, this study was very close to our lives and solved practical problems, which also improved students’ abilities and core literacies on independent experimental exploration, macroscopic identification and microscopic analysis, and scientific inquiry and innovation consciousness.

Gas pollutants from students’ chemical experiment in middle school were measured and the indoor air pollutants data were collected in chemical laboratory under different ventilation conditions. The results showed that the main gas pollutants produced by the students’ group chemical experiments in middle school were benzene, toluene, formaldehyde, ammonia, etc. The concentration of gas pollutants in laboratory rose sharply in a short time without any ventilation measures in experiment procedure. As a result, it was necessary to take effective measures to remove air pollutants inside the laboratory. At present, the ventilation equipment provided in the middle school chemical laboratory is mainly desktop ventilation equipment. Comparing with the natural ventilation environment, turning on the desktop ventilation equipment during students’ experiments can effectively reduce the concentration of gas pollutants produced by the experiment.

From the demonstration experiment of the reaction of sodium and chlorine in the textbook, a unique experimental device was designed and the preparation of sodium iodide was completed in the laboratory. This experiment avoided the hazards of chlorine gas and met the teaching needs. And the feasibility of this experiment was proved by the relevant calculation from thermodynamics.

It can be proved, through comparative analysis and evidence reasoning from the inquiry experiments with Vernier sensors, that vapour is also a kind of greenhouse gas, only less well-known than carbon dioxide to most people. Collecting data of how the temperature of different kinds of gases rise when exposing to the light of sunlamp with Vernier sensors can present a clear and evident trend of changes, helping students to have a visual perception of the normally invisible phenomenon of greenhouse effect. This experiment was relevant to daily life and the great nature, which would be a perfect supplement to the content of textbook and would contribute to an improvement in students’ interest in learning chemistry.

The optimum conditions for the reaction of formaldehyde with new copper hydroxide are studied by orthogonal experiment, which is designed by SPSS21.0 software. And under these conditions, chemical methods are used for product analysis, drawing conclusions that the main products of the reaction are copper, sodium formate, hydrogen and water, and the cuprous oxide is by-product. The study provides examples of scientific inquiry from the aspects of defining experimental conditions and analyzing experimental products.

The standard molar free energy change, standard molar reaction heat and standard molar entropy change at 298 K of metallothermic reductions, such as 2Al+Fe₂O₃=2Fe+Al₂O₃, 3Mg+B₂O₃=2B+3MgO and Na+KCl=K↑+NaCl, were calculated approximately, and to judge whether these reactions can take place and the contribution of enthalpy change and entropy change to the reactions.

The magenta solution used to identify sulfur dioxide gas is divided into two kinds: acid magenta and alkaline magenta. In this article, the mechanism of fading reaction and differences between acid magenta and alkaline magenta while reacting with sulfur dioxide or acid or base were discussed by optimizing the experimental conditions through a green and improved experimental equipment integrating demonstration and comparative function. Moreover, a simple way to identify acid magenta and alkaline magenta had also been put forward.

The application of mathematical tools such as complete square formula, binomial law, CASIO-991CNX Chinese version calculator for solving higher order equation and derivative in solving specific quantitative chemical problems such as extraction rate, pH calculation of rainwater, and optimum feed ratio calculation of ammonia synthesis industry was demonstrated by using mathematical modeling idea. The application of mathematical regression idea in solving specific quantitative chemical problems was revealed, thus cultivated students’ chemical core literacy.

From the research topic, research field and experimental method, this paper analyzed the publication of high school chemistry experiments in the Journal of Chemical Education from 2008 to 2018. The experimental examples of thermochemical experiments, chemical kinetic experiments, life experiments, environmentally related experiments, interdisciplinary experiments were introduced.