Lipsticks, with their rich colors and diverse textures, have been popular among women since their inception. In view of the increasing public concern about the safety of cosmetic products, this paper firstly analyzes the main chemical components of lipsticks and discusses in detail the chemical properties and possible health effects of these components. Secondly, this paper analyzes the correlation between the price of lipstick and its safety, and systematically discusses the safety standards that lipstick products should follow. Based on the comprehensive analysis of existing studies, this paper proposes and argues that lipsticks should follow food-grade safety standards. By revealing the chemical principles behind lipsticks, this paper aims to enhance consumers’ scientific understanding of cosmetic ingredients and guide people to ensure a healthy and safe beauty experience while pursuing beauty. As a chemistry teacher, lipstick can also be used as a teaching case to enhance students’ interest in learning and to promote the development of their creative abilities.

The article summarizes the causes of food spoilage, focusing on the chemical changes of proteins and fats during the spoilage process. It also introduces the methods and mechanisms of food preservation, and the roles of preservatives and antioxidants in extending the shelf life and maintaining the quality of food.

The chemical mystery behind the customs of the Dragon Boat Festival, such as eating zongzi, drinking realgar wine, and hanging mugwort, has been deeply explored. The ingenious application of chemical principles by the ancient working people has been revealed. The close connection between chemistry and traditional culture as well as daily life has been demonstrated. A new perspective for re-understanding the excellent traditional Chinese culture from a scientific point of view has been provided. Moreover, abundant materials for middle school chemistry teaching have been offered, and the students’ interest in learning chemistry and their ability to solve practical problems by applying chemical knowledge have been improved.

The construction of digital textbooks is the development trend under the background of digital transformation of education. Based on the analysis of the American chemistry digital textbook Chemistry: The Central Science, it is found that it has the characteristics of continuous online learning, adaptive interactive feedback, rich media learning resources and process evaluation management, and then some suggestions are put forward for the construction of chemistry digital textbook in China.

With the theme of “I am a zero carbon methanol engineer” and the driving task of “designing a zero carbon methanol production plan”, teaching is carried out under the guidance of the concept of “material change and transformation”. Through the study of this project, while learning core knowledge such as the law of conservation of mass and chemical equations, students will be guided to establish a mindset of understanding chemical reactions through the use of mass relationship and proportional relationship. The purpose is to achieve functional learning of chemical equations by integrating the learning of chemical equation knowledge with the establishment of a quantitative understanding of chemical changes, and finally students can gain a deeper understanding of the importance of rational use of substances and regulation of chemical reactions through computational deduction.

The composition and expression framework of modeling ability is constructed,primary batteries are selected as the subject, and three types of unit teaching to promote the development of students’ modeling ability are designed and implemented based on the two paths of students’ electrochemical model construction: based on analytical taskswith semi-open in modeling activities, based on analytical tasks with full-open in modeling activities, and based on design-oriented tasks to promote the development of students’ modeling ability. On the basis of the theoretical presupposition and the performance of the students in practice, the paper describes the advanced situation of the students’ modeling ability. The results show that both the analytical and design-oriented primary batteries modeling teaching can promote the development of students’ modeling ability, but the effect on different dimensions of promoting modeling ability is different. This study finds the key problems in the teaching implementation and summarizes the core strategies of unit teaching in different modeling paths.

Metamodeling knowledge is about the essence and purpose of models, and plays an important role in developing students’ model cognition. In the teaching of chemical equations, based on the quantitative understanding of the developmental levels of chemical reactions among junior high school students, chemical historical materials are selected to set up scenarios, guide students to experience modeling practice activities, acquire metamodeling knowledge, and develop scientific modeling abilities.

Based on the core literacy of chemistry in the 2017 Edition and 2020 Revision of the General High School Chemistry Curriculum Standards, a four stage test and semi-structured interview method were used to evaluate the “crystal” mental models held by high school students in their sophomore year, focusing on five dimensions: unit cell, basic crystal characteristics, crystal type judgment, crystal melting point comparison, and crystal calculation. Based on students’ cognitive deficiencies, a total of 14 non scientific mental models were classified into five categories, all of which were true defect models with high confidence index. Relevant learning difficulties were discussed, and teaching suggestions were proposed to promote the development of core competencies in chemistry.

Through text analysis of 182 papers published in two core journals of chemical education from 2011 to 2024, the misuse and manipulation of p-values and their prevention strategies were investigated. The study found that the misuse of p-values mainly manifested in incorrect statements, incomplete reports, incorrect selection of significance levels, and neglect of sample size effects; p-hacking manifested in post hoc hypothesis setting, uncorrected multiple comparisons, and selective reporting of results. In response to these problems, the study proposed to establish methodological norms in the research design stage, establish a multivariate statistical indicator system including effect size and confidence interval, and improve the journal review mechanism. The p-value should be regarded as a component of statistical inference rather than the only criterion, and research practice needs to combine statistical rigor with practical educational value.

This paper develops a “Chemical Match-3 Game” related to the concepts of electrolytes in natural language, and introduces the general process of using generative artificial intelligence DeepSeek to develop simple educational games, aiming to provide a reference for chemistry teachers to develop personalized electronic educational games. The specific development process includes clarifying the development purpose, selecting the game carrier, conceiving the game rules, inputting the prompt words, testing the game effect, as well as making multiple adjustments and optimizations.

This study focuses on resin-based dental restorative materials for caries treatment, systematically investigating the chemical principles involved from the optimal selection of organic monomers and inorganic fillers to the preparation, photopolymerization, and performance evaluation of composite resins. A standardized preparation protocol and performance assessment methodology for dental composite restorative materials are established. The experiment incorporates a simulated caries restoration procedure using extracted human teeth to enhance students’ understanding of the carious lesion and its restorative process. With its simple operational procedures, practical relevance, and clearly observable experimental outcomes, this interdisciplinary study integrates principles from chemistry and materials science. Through hands-on experimentation, it facilitates deeper comprehension of theoretical knowledge, fosters scientific curiosity, and develops practical competencies.

Taking the complex reaction system constructed by CuSO₄ solution and Na₂S solution as an example, the composition of the reaction product between the two solutions was explored. Using digital experimental technology, the effects of factors such as the acidity and alkalinity of the solution and dissolved oxygen in the solution on the oxidation-reduction reaction between CuSO₄ solution and Na₂S solution were investigated. The experimental results show that the reaction products between CuSO₄ solution and Na₂S solution are related to the concentration of the solution, and the oxidation-reduction reaction between CuSO₄ solution and Na₂S solution is related to the acidity and alkalinity of the solution. The enhanced acidity of the solution is conducive to the reduction reaction of CuSO₄, while the enhanced alkalinity of the solution is conducive to the oxidation reaction of Na₂S. The dissolved oxygen in the solution system has little effect on the reaction.

A research and practical activity in high school chemistry textbooks involves testing iron elements in food, specifically spinach. However, the original reference method using water immersion for extraction was suboptimal. By integrating the properties of chlorophyll and plant ferritin, this study improves the textbook method from water immersion to acid immersion. The revised acid grinding method is simpler, more effective, and suitable for various green vegetables rich in iron, such as spinach, cilantro, celery, and green peppers.

The reversal of the positive and negative electrodes in the magnesium-aluminum-sodium hydroxide primary battery is caused by the magnesium hydroxide film formed on the surface of magnesium in an alkaline solution. Combining the theory of crystal defects, it is known that some ions will penetrate into the interior of the magnesium hydroxide crystal and cause it to fall off. Therefore, the reversed magnesium electrode was immersed in an electrolyte solution and the original cell was re-formed. The process of the “ion penetration effect” damaging the protective film on the metal surface can be visually perceived by the reappearance of the positive and negative electrodes on the electrode. This research can provide a reasonable explanation for the abnormal reaction rates of some metals and metal oxides in different acid or salt solutions.

Starting from the types of carbon cation rearrangements, stereochemistry, and reaction driving forces, this article introduces the topic with question 14 from the January 2025 Zhejiang province chemistry elective exam. It integrates literature information to analyze, expand, and extend related chemistry competition questions.