This paper analyzes the degradation mechanisms and restoration strategies of ivory cultural relics from a chemical perspective.Employing the innovative framework of“material screening-reaction control-structural restoration”,chemical methods have successfully addressed restoration challenges ranging from macroscopic cracks to microscopic pores.Inorganic materials are used to fill structural defects,organic polymers provide reinforcement through penetration,biomimetic mineralization techniques replicate natural components,and microbially induced mineralization facilitates“natural healing”.These techniques have not only provided scientific solutions for the restoration of precious ivory relics,such as those unearthed from the Sanxingdui and Jinsha sites,but also underscore the profound value of chemical wisdom in cultural heritage preservation.In the future,multidisciplinary integration will further drive the innovation of chemical technologies,injecting new vitality into the field of cultural relic restoration.

The teaching of porous functional materials has been carried out in Jilin University for five years,which complements the scientific research foundation of Jilin University in the field of porous functional materials and the operation of Innovation Center of molecular engineering of nanoporous functional materials in Higher Education Innovation and Talent Introduction Base(111 Plan Innovation Base).This paper presents the construction and teaching practice of the porous functional materials course in the College of Chemistry in Jilin University through an introduction to the purpose of opening the porous functional materials course,the design and optimization of the syllabus,the design of teaching content and reference books,the construction of course resources,the teaching methods and modes,the assessment methods and evaluation system,the course effectiveness and the course characteristics.Through this course,the students will be able to understand well the history of porous functional materials and master well the basic concepts and main research directions of porous functional materials.At the same time,the purpose of scientific research and thinking methods are introduced to cultivate the interest of students in scientific research.

With the advancement of computational power,computational chemistry has become a central tool in modern chemical research.This paper emphasizes the necessity of offering Computational Chemistry courses in higher education institutions with chemistry-related disciplines.Using the molecular potential energy surface as a guiding thread,we construct a core knowledge framework encompassing gas/liquid phases and ground/excited states.Through a teaching design that integrates theoretical derivation with software application,students can connect knowledge from inorganic chemistry,organic chemistry,physical chemistry,and structural chemistry,thereby enhancing their ability to solve practical problems.

Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectroscopy is an indispensable tool for structural elucidation in the field of organic chemistry.This article aims to systematically introduce the comprehensive application of ¹H NMR,¹³C NMR and 1D NOESY,as well as two-dimensional(2D) NMR techniques including ¹H-¹H Correlation Spectroscopy(COSY),¹H-¹³C Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence(HSQC),¹H-¹³C Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation(HMBC),and ¹H-¹H Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy(NOESY),for the precise elucidation of detailed structures and the assignment of configurations,using a carbohydrate molecule as illustrative example.Through this teaching case study,the objective is to help undergraduate students gain an in-depth understanding of the structural characteristics of carbohydrate compounds,master the methods and strategies for elucidating the structures of complex organic molecules using modern spectroscopic techniques,and thereby enhance their spectral interpretation abilities and foster their scientific inquiry competence.

Physical chemistry,as a natural science that comprehensively applies professional theoretical knowledge from multiple fields,often poses challenges for students in concept understanding,formula derivation,and knowledge application.There is an urgent need to strengthen the cultivation of scientific thinking ability through knowledge as a carrier.Based on this,this article emphasizes the scientific practical significance of the three elements of “exploration” “investigation” and “attempt”.“Exploration” aims to stimulate innovative thinking through problem identification and value evaluation;“Investigation” focuses on logical derivation and knowledge correlation to deepen the understanding of subject connotation;“Attempt” centers on application to promote the transformation of knowledge into ability.This article further takes “the influence of temperature on reaction rate” as an example,through the specific implementation of exploring the source and posing questions,investigating the principle and analyzing the reasons,andcycles of application, validation, and reflection,it integrates the above three elements through building a knowledge network,strengthening systematic application,cultivating scientific spirit,and awakening learning initiative,laying a foundation for the lifelong development of students’ scientific thinking and learning ability.

In response to the demand for enhancing the quality of higher-level chemistry talent cultivation,the National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education,Nankai University,has deepened the undergraduate teaching reform based on the existing curriculum cultivation system.It has established a unified curriculum resource platform and optimized teacher allocation,built an efficient pre-class preview system,optimized curriculum arrangements to meet students’ advanced needs,and incorporated diverse elements for the cultivation of humanistic literacy,thus constructing a three-dimensional integrated teaching mode for chemistry experiments that combines knowledge,skills,and literacy.This reform has effectively improved the teaching quality and served as a paradigm for the reform of chemistry experiment teaching.

The preparation of zinc sulfate is a key step in the wet zinc smelting industry and an important teaching content of inorganic chemistry experiment in university.Aiming at the problems existing in the current teaching scheme,this study optimizes the key steps such as leaching condition control and purification technology by comparing and analyzing three typical teaching schemes.(1) Acid leaching process:Heat the acid leaching solution to boiling and maintain for 25 minutes to promote the decomposition of zinc ferrite.It is recommended to delay the filtration process after the removal of iron and manganese,and use colloidal adsorption of iron hydroxide to improve the filtration efficiency.(2) Step-by-step removal of iron and manganese:First,use H₂O₂to oxidize Fe²⁺,and then add a small amount of KMnO₄ to treat Mn²⁺,reducing the amount of oxidant and by-products.Clarify the role of ZnO in maintaining pH stability.Determine the amount of ZnO added to stabilize the pH of the system in the range of 4.8 to 5.4(the optimal range for coagulation of iron hydroxide).(3) Ni²⁺removal:Introduce a trace amount of copper sulfate solution and utilize the microbattery effect to improve the removal efficiency of Ni²⁺.

In response to the initiative of“Emerging Engineering Education”,this study integrates the STEAM(Science,Technology,Engineering,Art,and Mathematics) concept and leverages university-industry collaboration platforms to transform industry-academia-research projects into comprehensive undergraduate chemistry experiments,thereby creating an innovative approach to professional experimental teaching.This experiment covers the entire process of designing,preparing,and characterizing UV-curable coatings,emphasizing the organic integration of science,technology,engineering,art,and mathematics to cultivate students’ interdisciplinary competencies.The experiment is moderately challenging and highly comprehensive,featuring an innovative and practical teaching mode suitable for undergraduate programs in chemistry,chemical engineering,and materials science.Through this experiment,students can not only gain insights into the latest developments in the UV-curable coatings industry and master methods for designing,preparing,and evaluating coating performance but also stimulate innovative thinking in an interdisciplinary learning environment,enhance their overall competencies,and lay a solid foundation for future career development.

The continuous titration of two metal ions is one of compulsory contents in basic chemistry experiments for science colleges and universities in higher education.This paper designed a new experiment for the continuous determination of zinc and magnesium contents in zinc-magnesium mixed solutions based on artificial intelligence(AI) visual assistance and pH sensing technology.Based on the principle of complexometric titration in chemical analysis,the continuous titration of two metal ions in the mixed ion solution with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA) standard solution was realized by controlling the acidity of the solution.With the help of pH sensors to real-time control the titration reaction conditions,it solved the problem of reagent loss caused by the use of pH test paper in traditional experiments and avoided the use of acid-base indicators that interfere with the judgment of the end-point color.In addition,a new strategy using methylthymol blue(MTB) indicator was proposed in this work.Combined with AI visual assistance technology,it could real-time identify and analyze the end-point color change of complexometric titration,quickly and accurately judge the titration end-point,and greatly improve the experimental efficiency.The results of practical application showed that the new method had small relative average deviation,good repeatability,simple device and easy popularization,providing an efficient,reliable and intelligent new case for the continuous determination of two metal ions in complexometric titration.The design of this experiment responded to the concept of green chemistry for sustainable development,improved students’ digital application ability,and enhanced their innovative thinking and scientific literacy through the process of experimental expansion and verification.

In response to the goal of cultivating the “four haves” good teachers in the new era,this study proposes systematic reforms for the specialized English for chemistry curriculum,which suffers from outdated content,rigid teaching methods,and a lack of teacher-training characteristic.The reforms focus on three dimensions:teaching content,methods,and evaluation.In teaching content,the reforms emphasize the combination of frontier knowledge and practicality,and deeply integrate social and moral values.In teaching methods,a variety of approaches are adopted,including multimodal resources,joint teaching by multiple teachers,academic lectures,mind maps,participatory teaching,and project-driven learning.In teaching evaluation,a diversified evaluation system complementary to teaching activities is built,and the content of final exams is optimized.The implementation effect survey shows that students are highly satisfied with the reformed course,which has achieved remarkable feedback in expanding international vision,and improving team cooperation,reading and writing skills.However,it also reflects that there are shortcomings in cultivating innovation ability and meeting the needs of students from different regions.Future curriculum reforms will leverage innovative tasks and diversified assessments to foster competency advancement,while utilizing diagnostic testing and flexible grouping to achieve precision in education,thereby comprehensively enhancing teacher candidates’ innovation capabilities and the effectiveness of differentiated support.

To address the current challenges in engineering physical chemistry courses,including the imbalance between teaching objectives and actual effectiveness,disconnection between theory and practice,insufficient professional integration,lack of learning motivation,and single assessment method,this study developed a“digital-intelligence-empowered three-tier cognitive load regulation”strategy based on the cognitive load theory framework and the 2024 Engineering Education Accreditation standards.This approach entails controlling intrinsic cognitive load,reducing extraneous cognitive load,and optimizing germane cognitive load.Implementation results demonstrate the significant reduction in students’ intrinsic/extraneous cognitive loads,enhancement of germane cognitive load and marked improvement in academic performance and course objective attainment.These outcomes validate the feasibility of applying cognitive load theory to digital-intelligence-empowered teaching reform in engineering physical chemistry.This study also provides practical references for interdisciplinary curriculum reform under the background of engineering education accreditation.

To improve the quality and level of teaching,explore and practice innovative teaching methods for Industrial Pharmacy,and deeply integrate the“point-surface teaching method”with scientific research innovation.The course design revolves around the theme of“improving eutectic technology and enhancing the solubility of APIs”,using an organic integration method of“theoretical teaching in class+scientific research practice outside of class”.Research projects are introduced into the teaching process,and students are grouped to design experiments for scientific research practice and exploration.Finally,the research results are discussed and summarized.This new teaching mode not only stimulates students’ interest in scientific research,deepens their understanding and recognition of relevant theoretical knowledge,but also cultivates innovation ability,unleashes students’ teamwork and subjective initiative,and truly achieves the sublimation of theory in practice.The above teaching modes can provide reference for carrying out“research-based”teaching.

To address the teaching challenge posed by the limitations of traditional experimental techniques in dynamically analyzing the atmospheric transport and transformation of trace substances,a numerical simulation-based instructional approach using a chemical box model was developed.The DSMACC model was employed as the teaching platform,and its framework and operational workflow were systematically analyzed.Simulation-based teaching cases were designed for key atmospheric chemical processes,including tropospheric ozone formation kinetics,radical cycling mechanisms,and the nonlinear response of ozone to its precursors.By leveraging flexible parameter configuration and user-friendly operation,this approach enables multidimensional and dynamic visualization of complex chemical processes,effectively overcoming the dual constraints of traditional experimental teaching in reaction system construction and process monitoring.Teaching practice demonstrates that the deep integration of model simulations with theoretical instruction not only deepens students’ understanding of the complex atmospheric chemistry but also enhances their programming skills,ability to analyze complex problems,and proficiency in model application,establishing an innovative teaching mode for reforming atmospheric chemistry curricula.

A series detailed analysis of issues in the process of cultivating innovation practical abilities for MSc students in chemistry was conducted,it showed that the cultivating factors of the innovation practical ability for postgraduates are self-cultivation and external factors.The practice indicated that through comprehensive reforms and practices such as expanding student enrollment promotion to attract more excellent students,improving curriculum systems to cultivate postgraduates’ interdisciplinary competence,strengthening the construction of“curriculum-based ideological and political education(CBIPE)”to refine postgraduates’ research achievement goals,adopting a“tiered mentoring(faculty-senior-junior)”mechanism to promote postgraduates’ growth,improving the management of the research equipment to ensure basic educational conditions,implementing incentive schemes for supervisors to enhance their passion,and strengthening the construction of the supervisor teams to improve collaborative education efficiency,it is possible to improve theMSc students’ innovation mindset,innovation ability,innovation achievements,and achieve the goal of cultivating high-level chemistry talents.

Large language models(LLMs) have been widely applied in programming education,offering learners intelligent tutoring,example analysis,and practical support.Herein,we introduce LLMs and quantum computational techniques into the traditional field of chemistry education,targeting chemistry teachers at the university and high school.This approach enables teachers to run quantum chemistry software without needing to master the underlying theory,solely by leveraging LLMs.They can then seamlessly integrate the computational results as teaching materials into their classrooms.Using three typical abstract concepts in organic chemistry teaching as examples:S_N2 reaction transition states,conformational analysis,and infrared spectral analysis.We demonstrate how dynamically visualized vibrational modes,chemical bond rotations,and atomic trajectories of transition states significantly lower students’ cognitive barriers and deepen their essential understanding of reaction mechanisms and molecular behavior.This method aims to provide traditional chemistry teachers with low-barrier,replicable teaching examples,dissolving technical barriers and promoting the genuine integration of computational chemistry into everyday teaching practice.

Chemical kinetics is a fundamental component of physical chemistry courses,in which the extraction of rate constants and the modeling of kinetic equations represent core challenges in teaching.Taking the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of sucrose as a case study,this work designs a three-tier modeling framework based on Python:traditional linear fitting,neural network,and symbolic regression.These methods respectively highlight intuitiveness,fitting accuracy,and explainability,enabling students to understand the modeling process from multiple perspectives and progressively deepen their analytical thinking.This teaching case has been integrated into the undergraduate general elective course Fun Machine Learning at Hebei University.Feedback from implementation indicates that students have effectively mastered the basic modeling workflow,gained insights into the characteristics and applicability of different algorithms,and significantly improved their interdisciplinary competence and data literacy.The proposed design establishes an organic integration of theoretical knowledge,experimental data,and modeling techniques,offering a transferable and practical case study for curriculum reform under the framework of “Chemistry+Artificial Intelligence”.

Quantum mechanics has revealed that the motion of microscopic particles cannot be predicted using the deterministic formulas of classical physics,rather it can only be described through probability distributions.Werner Heisenberg proposed the Uncertainty Principle in 1927,which states that the position of a moving particle and its momentum cannot be precisely measured simultaneously,mathematically expressed as Δx·Δp≥h/4π.Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle is a crucial topic across several chemistry courses.A deep understanding of the principle is not only beneficial for enhancing one’s knowledge of modern chemistry but also supportive of advancing scientific researches.Herein,we recapitulate the historical background of the Uncertainty Principle,and present five different perspectives to understand the Principle,such as meaning of the name,real-life examples,physical examples,mathematical derivation,and philosophical understanding,so to help teachers and students grasp the concepts more thoroughly.This year marks the 100th anniversary of Heisenberg’s formulation of quantum mechanics,and we commemorate this milestone through our discussion.