Mechanochromism refers to the characteristic of materials to undergo reversible or irreversible changes in optical properties(such as color or fluorescence) when stimulated by mechanical forces(such as stretching,compression,or friction).In recent years,these materials have attracted significant attention due to their potential applications in smart sensors,anti-counterfeiting,flexible electronic devices,and biomedicine.This article introduces the color-changing mechanisms and applications of mechanochromic materials and discusses the current research challenges and future development directions.

Under the context of new engineering education and industry-education integration,this study addresses the insufficient practical orientation and lack of university-enterprise collaboration in the“Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry”course by constructing a“Three-Dimensions and Six-Levels”collaborative teaching mode.It innovatively proposes an industry-education integration framework for engineering courses to advance the paradigm shift in applied talent cultivation.Through joint efforts,a“Two Parts-Four Stages-Four Elements”modular curriculum system was redesigned,integrating virtual-real dual-classroom practical projects and establishing a multidimensional evaluation mechanism to achieve deep convergence between theoretical instruction and engineering practice.By forming a“dual-qualified”university-enterprise instructor team and dynamic feedback mechanisms,the study effectively bridges educational and industrial chains,offering replicable pathways for similar curriculum reforms.Empirical results demonstrate that deep university-enterprise collaboration significantly enhances students’ engineering competencies,showcasing demonstrative value for pedagogical innovation and practical significance for aligning talent supply with industrial demands.

The problem-chain instructional approach,characterized by logically coherent and hierarchically structured questions,is designed to foster students’ critical thinking and promote deep knowledge integration.Taking the teaching unit on the“Competition between Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Haloalkanes”as a case study,this paper systematically develops a problem-chain teaching framework and its implementation strategy for organic chemistry courses.By incorporating six types of problem chains involvingstimulating,comparative,transferable,adaptive,diagnostic,and progressive,the approach guides students to explore the competition and controlling factors between substitution and elimination reactions from multiple perspectives,including reaction mechanisms,stereochemistry,and regioselectivity.This mode not only increases student engagement and improves knowledge synthesis but also strengthens students’ abilities in logical reasoning,systems thinking,and solving complex chemical problems,thereby supporting effective teaching and learning in organic chemistry.

Experimental teaching is an important component of chemistry education and a key link in cultivating students’ research and practical abilities.In basic chemistry experiment teaching,in order to cultivate students’ standardized operation,the preparation of experimental equipment and chemicals is often done in advance by teachers.In addition,due to programmatic operations,experiment preview,management of experimental reports,and other aspects often become mere formalities,failing to truly carry out purposeful experimental preparation and deduction.These seriously affect students’ scientific research practice in entering the graduate stage.To this end,the authors have carried out advanced chemistry experiment teaching and management based on the“online form”in practice.Through the pre-made options in the form,students are encouraged to carry out experimental preparation and deduction,independently choose experimental instruments and required reagents,consciously understand safety hazards in the experimental process,collect experimental data independently,and automatically archive experimental phenomena and reports.These experimental teaching practices are closely integrated with students’ scientific research practices during their graduate studies,effectively promoting the connection between undergraduate and graduate studies and enhancing students’ ability to conduct real scientific research.

The preparation of dibenzylideneacetone is a classic experiment in organic chemistry courses in many universities.However,this experiment suffers from some issues,including unclear reaction endpoint,severe leakage and turbid filtrate during the crude product suction filtration process,superficial content design and deficient high-order cognitive demands.This paper innovatively describes the corresponding strategies to address those problems.The acetone in reaction process can reacts with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to offer acetone-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone,which can be monitored by thin-layer chromatography,thereby enabling to determine the reaction endpoint indirectly.Inspired by the electrolyte coagulation principle,saturated NaCl solution is added into reaction system to increase particle size and coagulate crude products,which effectively solves filtration issues.At the same time,the addition of saturated NaCl can elevate the poor solvent ratio,suppressing ethanol-evaporation-induced secondary precipitation of product.The influence of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing effects on the reactivity of aldol condensation reaction and product properties is investigated using different substituted benzaldehyde,which enriches the experimental contents and enhances its high-order.The improved experiment exhibits well-defined reaction endpoint,stable reproducibility and strong exploratory value,which can effectively cultivate students’ scientific thinking that integrate theory with practice,as well as enhance students’ comprehensive ability to solve practical problems.

In response to the urgent demand for low-energy consumption and low-pollution technologies under the“dual carbon”strategy,teachers incorporate relevant research results,low temperature resistant solvent-free adhesives and their applications in photochromism and photothermal conversion,into university laboratory courses as a comprehensive innovative experiment.A novel approach for preparing low temperature resistant solvent-free adhesives has been developed,which employs polyoxometalates and commercial polymers as basic raw materials via a simple thermal-assisted process.The structure and adhesion of the solvent-free adhesive are characterized by infrared spectroscopy,powder X-ray diffraction,rotational rheology and tensile tests.Further explorations are conducted on the low-temperature resistance and photothermal responsiveness of the solvent-free adhesive.The experimental process is characterized by simplicity,safety,environmental friendliness and cost-effectiveness.It not only helps consolidate the foundational knowledge of inorganic chemistry and physical chemistry,but also broadens students’ understanding of polymer materials’ applications in photo-thermal response-related fields.Conducting this experiment helps students gain a profound understanding of the core concepts behind solvent-free adhesives,facilitating the integration of theoretical knowledge with practical application.This comprehensive experiment has undergone“pre-experiment”teaching in the applied chemistry program,achieving favorable teaching effect.It can be promoted and implemented in some similar science and engineering majors,as it not only stimulates students’ innovative thinking but also facilitates the integration of green chemistry concepts into teaching practice.

This study takes the“Preparation of Ammonium Ferrous Sulfate”as an example to develop an innovative mode to chemical experiment safety instruction that integrates the RAMP with interactive videos.The teaching practice show that the experimental group significantly outperforms the control groupin both risk mitigation and total score.Data from Bilibili indicates that the content accurately reached the target viewers,achieving favorable acceptance and notable learning gains.Therefore,this approach effectively enhances students’ risk awareness and decision-making abilities,providing a new practical solution for experimental safety instruction.

To address the pedagogical challenges in the traditional copper sulfate crystal preparation experiment,invisibility of crystal growth,difficulty in controlling experimental conditions,and oversimplified assessment,a digital experimental system was constructed by integrating microchemical technology and digital microscopic imaging.This system enables precise regulation of crystallization conditions,real-time capture and recording of the microscopic dynamics of crystal growth,and establishes a data platform for comparison and analysis.The study finds that the system achieves visual presentation and parametric analysis of the crystallization process,allowing students to intuitively establish quantitative relationships between experimental conditions and crystal morphology as well as growth kinetics.Teaching practice demonstrates that this mode transforms the traditional operation-oriented experiment into a data-driven inquiry process,effectively enhancing students’ abilities in experimental design,process analysis,and scientific thinking.It promotes the digital transformation of experimental teaching from outcome-oriented to process-oriented,and from experience-based judgment to data-supported methodology,thereby providing a replicable solution for the modernization of classic chemistry experiments.

A high-yield,high-quality,green and mild method to synthesize potassium trioxalatoferrate(Ⅲ) was afforded with potassium oxalate and ferric chloride as raw materials,in which the reaction temperature was optimized using an in-situ infrared spectroscopy technology(ReactIR 15),while the high temperature had long existed in the original method in the past few decades;The structure was characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction(XRD);Furthermore,the anion charge number in the complex was determined by ion chromatography.Based on these above,a new comprehensive teaching experiment was provided,in which students can master the green synthesis of potassium trioxalatoferrate(Ⅲ) and the method of determining the anion charge number using an ion chromatograph.At the same time they can understand the methods of optimizing experimental conditions using an in-situ infrared spectrometer and determining structure using an X-ray single crystal diffractometer.And then ideological and political elements were explored.Embedding the concept of green chemistry aims to cultivate and enhance students’ awareness of safety and environmental protection,and social responsibility.It also seeks to inspire students’ enthusiasm for learning chemistry through the use of aesthetic education.

To address the core challenges in food science and engineering experimental teaching,including curriculum content,practical pathways,and personalized guidance,this study proposes an“AI-Driven Triple-Pillar Mode for Experimental Teaching”,aiming to shift the pedagogical paradigm from tool-assisted learning to systemic restructuring.Grounded in the principles of outcome-based education(OBE),the mode establishes three core pillars:dynamic knowledge provision,immersive practical training,and personalized cognitive guidance.Empirical results demonstrate that the mode effectively enhances students’ knowledge integration and innovation capabilities.In project-based learning,over 72% of students exhibited systematic cross-curricular knowledge integration skills.Immersive practical training increased the first-time success rate of key operational tasks from 52% to 78%,while intelligent cognitive guidance significantly raised the proportion of high-order thinking questions from 15% to 40%.This study confirms that artificial intelligence can structurally reshape experimental teaching systems,providing an empirically validated solution to transition from“knowledge verification”to“capability development”.

This study focuses on the optimized design and practice of an interdisciplinary public chemistry curriculum system.Addressing issues such as homogenization,insufficient interdisciplinary integration,and weak practical teaching in the current curriculum,a curriculum system characterized by“professional demand orientation,interdisciplinary integration,and the integration of learning and research”has been constructed for physics-related majors and the clinical medicine experimental class at Jilin University,which are non-chemistry majors.Through the integrated teaching mode of“theory+experiment+practical application”,the chemical literacy,practical ability,and innovative thinking of students of non-chemistry majors have been enhanced.Practice shows that the new curriculum system effectively achieves the accurate alignment between curriculum content and professional training objectives,lays a solid foundation for students’ subsequent learning and the cultivation of their scientific research capabilities,and holds important reference significance for the reform of similar courses.

The exploration of structure-property relationships occupies a central role in undergraduate chemistry education,and the evaluation of the relative stability of molecular isomers is a typical example of this concept.Difluorodiazene(N₂F₂) exists in both cis and trans forms,however,unlike typical cis-trans systems(such as diazene,N₂H₂),it exhibits an anomalous behavior in which the cis isomer is more stable than the trans isomer,a phenomenon known as the cis effect.In this work,N₂F₂ is used as a teaching case to illustrate how computational chemistry can be employed to probe molecular stability.Through quantum chemical calculations,we examine the contribution of hyperconjugation to the stability difference between the cis and trans isomers,and reveal the electronic structural origin of this anomaly.This case study is intended to guide students beyond empirical reasoning,deepen their understanding of structure-property relationships,and provide a reference for implementing inquiry-based teaching in foundational chemistry courses.

The abstracts of English academic articles typically consist of several move structures with explicit functions.Move structure analysis has been a key concern in the academic English writing instruction in various disciplines,however,the analysis has long been constrained by labor-intensive and time-consuming manual recognition.Although large language models(LLMs) present new opportunities for the automated move structure recognition,the research on LLMs in the abstracts of English academic articles from chemical journals is remain insufficient.Therefore,the study compares the performance of DeepSeek-V3.2,GPT-5.1,Gemini 2.5 Pro,and Grok 4.1 Fast in recognizing the moves in abstracts of academic articles from chemistry SCI journals.The results show that DeepSeek-V3.2 and Gemini 2.5 Pro have complementary strengths:DeepSeek-V3.2 excels in precise recognizing,while Gemini 2.5 Pro performs better regarding comprehensive recognizing.In comparison,although GPT-5.1 and Grok 4.1 Fast do not exhibit obvious advantages,they still achieve relatively robust recognition capabilities.The results demonstrate that LLMs have high recognition effectiveness,and reliability,facilitating the automation of move structurerecognition.The findings can provide practical support for Human-AI collaboration instruction of academic English writing instruction in the field of chemistry.

The solubility of metal sulfides in different concentrations of hydrochloric acid is calculated by employing the solubility product constant K_sp,the stability constant of chloride complexes K_f,and the activity coefficient γ.The accuracy of various activity coefficient formulas in concentrated hydrochloric acid is comparatively studied and verified.The acidity of sulfide solubility and its rules are verified and summarized from calculation results and experimental phenomena.The results show that CuS dissolves in 6 mol·L^-1 hydrochloric acid,Cu₂S,Ag₂S and HgS dissolve in 12 mol·L^-1 concentrated hydrochloric acid.When compiling textbooks,emphasis should be put on the timely update,arrangement and integration of traditional knowledge.In classroom teaching,different versions of textbooks should be comprehensively utilized to promote the understanding and application of knowledge.

The solvent effect of deuterated solvents is a fundamental knowledge point that is inevitably involved in the use of NMR.Systematically teaching this content in class can enhance students’ mastery of NMR usage,facilitate their rapid entry into the field,and also help promote the learning of other related courses and knowledge points.Based on teaching and research practices,this article summarizes the factors contributing to the solvent effect of deuterated solvents and their applications in research and teaching,providing a reference for the teaching of courses related to“Spectroscopy Analysis”.

The amount of international students in China grew rapidly especially after the “Road and Belt” project.However,the quality of the international education of China needs to be improved.The integrated education is widely adopted by the developed countries,which is regarded as one of the developing directions of China international education.The teaching group of Polymer Chemistry of Beijing University of Chemistry Technology(BUCT) explored the possibility of integrated education between Russian and domestic students based on the preponderant discipline.Results indicated the education quality was raised significantly,and the communication between domestic and international students was promoted.Some defects of the management,teaching programme,and the online resources were also reflected by this case,providing the experiences for the international education reformation.

The Sheng Nong’s Herbal Classic,as the earliest extant pharmacological classic in China,was compiled during the Han Dynasty and systematically documents the properties,flavors,therapeutic effects,and applications of 365 medicinal substances.Although centered on medical practice,it embodies profound chemical wisdom,particularly evident in the identification of mineral drugs,observations of material transformation patterns,and drug processing techniques.This paper examines the records of mineral drugs such as cinnabar,mercury,and realgar in the text to explore the understanding of chemical substances,phenomena of chemical reactions,and early chemical operational practices involved therein.