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化学史与化学史教育
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| “双生子元素”镨和钕的发现及其概念的发展* |
| 尚晓烁, 袁振东, 李猛** |
| 河南师范大学化学化工学院 河南新乡 453007 |
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| Discovery of “Twin Elements” Praseodymium and Neodymium and the Development of Their Concepts |
| SHANG Xiao-Shuo, YUAN Zhen-Dong, LI Meng** |
| School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China |
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摘要：在元素发现史上,镨、钕2种元素的发现较为独特,是相伴而生的。1839年,瑞典科学家莫桑德尔在“铈土”(Cerium)中得到了锚土(didymium),提出了存在新元素的假说,但未分离出相应的单质。1882年,布劳纳利用分光镜检验出了分别属于镨和钕的吸收光带。1885年,奥地利化学家卡尔·奥尔斯·韦尔斯拔利用双硝酸盐与铵分馏结晶的方法,从“锚土”中分离出了镨和钕的单质,证实了存在新元素的假说,镨、钕元素的概念基本形成。1972—1976年间,我国化学家徐光宪提出逆流萃取理论,对分离后镨、钕单质纯度的提高做出了突出贡献。至20世纪,随着同位素化学的兴起,镨、钕元素的同位素相继被发现,形成了现代的镨、钕元素概念。总之,镨、钕的发现及其概念的发展是科学思想与科学技术融合发展的结晶。
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| 关键词： 镨钕混合物,
镨元素,
钕元素,
同位素
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| 基金资助:* 河南师范大学博士人才科研启动课题(QD2023022) |
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通讯作者:
** E-mail:809549679@qq.com
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| 引用本文: |
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尚晓烁, 袁振东, 李猛. “双生子元素”镨和钕的发现及其概念的发展*[J]. 化学教育（中英文）, 2024, 45(22): 123-129
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