This article reviewed the research progress of isocitrate dehydrogenase(IDH) including biological characteristics, space structure, determination methods of activity, catalytic mechanism,catalytic regulation and roles in the mechanism of tumor genesis,prospected the research trend in the future.

This paper reviewed the research on multiple external representations of chemical concepts in recent 15 years, clarified the characteristics of multiple external representations and the definition of chemical concepts, and summarized the characteristics of students' multiple external representations of chemical concepts. These characteristics included that the multiple external representations were based on computer, especially computer model focused on the representation of molecule or microscopic representation. Then authors concluded the pedagogical implications of multiple external representations of chemical concepts, including that teachers should pay attention to the teaching of multiple representations of chemical concepts, the actual situation of students should be considered while varieties of multiple external representations were showed and curriculum designers could introduce some basic micro-representation in early stage to cooperate to explore the macroscopic properties of matter.

This paper briefly introduced the targets, contents and characteristics of Inorganic Chemistry textbook co-produced by eight local colleges in Shaanxi Province of China for chemistry major. This textbook focused on the frontier and application of inorganic chemistry, which was beneficial to meet the requirements of inorganic chemistry teaching, to train local applied talents, and to promote the improvement of inorganic chemistry textbooks.

According to the spectrum experiment data, XU Guang-Xian proposed a theoretical basis for orbital energy level of ground state multi-electron atom, including the approximate rule:n+0.7l formula for the electronic configuration of neutral ground state multi-electron atoms and n+0.4l formula for the electronic configuration of ground state multi-electron ions. This rule given in mathematical expressions was very easy to be derived and solved the problem that the electronic configuration was difficult to be written correctly. The discussion and application of the two formulas could deepen the understanding of structure principles of electronic configuration and inherit research results of Chinese scientists.

This paper introduced a simple method for designing the chemical reaction (or physical change) into a reversible cell by several key points such as determining the electrolyte solution and the electrode, and checking the reaction.

This paper introduced the synthetic method of ionic liquid of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmimCl), studied the solubility of cellulose in BmimCl and its binary solutions namely BmimCl/DMSO and BmimCl/ethanol. In order to analysis the impact of DMSO and ethanol, the viscosity and electric conductivity of BmimCl/DMSO at different concentrations were measured. This comprehensive experiment is rich in content, highly integrated and related greatly to the hot research topic and present chemical industry, which could widen students' knowledge and improve their experimental skills and research quality.

Based on the disadvantages of verified and imitated teaching mode in traditional experiment teaching, guided with multi-dimensional teaching objectives and the constructive learning theory, this article explored the teaching design of preparation of cupric subcarbonate.Firstly, the teachers should try to motivate the students' learning interests by constructing contexts about cupic subcarbonate and its application. And then five questions aiming at the preparation route, the controlling of reaction conditions and the designing of experiment program were put forward in order to inspire the students to think deeply and discuss actively. Based on the above questions, the students were guided to complete the design of experiment program independently. Finally, some extended experimental resources were provided to promote the students' application of what they have learned. This teaching design is helpful to change knowledge impartment into guiding students to learn how to learn, and can enhance students' experiment literacy.

In the teaching of inorganic chemistry experiment, students lacked learning interesting and ability to integrate theory and practice and their experimental operation was not standardized. In view of the situation, this paper put forward the instructional objectives of strengthening the standard experimental operation and cultivating good experimental habits, and proposed some teaching methods such as experiment design, interesting chemistry experiment and outstanding work display to raise students' interest in learning inorganic chemistry experiment and improve students' ability to integrate theory with practice.

In the process of column chromatography, due to the long separation time and the tedious addition of the elution agent,we redesigned and assembled the device,using tap water as constant pressure fluid and using a self-made balancer regulating the pressure balance in the system. The experimental results showed that the improved experimental apparatus could shorten the sample separation time,the addition of elution agent is convenient and no need to disassemble the instrument, at the same time it can be carried out continuously in the sample, the separation of spectral bands is clear, the elution is uniform, and the separation effect is obviously improved.

In order to adapt the training of applied talents and combined the experiment curriculum system of our university, this paper explored the reform of curriculum setting of chemical experiment courses, curriculum contents and implementation of curriculum, such as setting basic experiments, comprehensive experiments and major-oriented experiments, strengthening the relation between experimental contents and practice, and combining experiment teaching to tutorial system.

This article designed a student-centered comprehensive analytical chemistry experiment including independent design, teacher-student discussion, independent practice and teaching evaluation based on "quality appraisal of sodium carbonate for industrial use". The teaching practice indicated that the comprehensive analytical chemistry experiment can arouse students' interests to experiment, develop their independent learning abilities in practice teaching, consolidate their professional theories and skills, and improve their comprehensive professional quality.

In order to cultivate excellent high school chemistry teachers with noble morality, solid professional foundation, outstanding teaching ability and self-developing, this paper explored the integrative mode of integral design, sectional examination and continuous cultivation at the undergraduate level and graduate level of education, established "three in one" collaborative new training mechanism involving high school and government. Through improvement and optimization of teachers' moral education practice system, curriculum system, teaching ability system, teaching practice ability system, integration of university teacher team and strengthening recruitment and employment, the teaching reform could be promoted and excellent high school chemistry teachers adapting to and leading the teaching reform of middle school education could be cultivated.

This paper explored how to use "N-CLASS" to build and implement flipped classroom in course of Chinese medicine detection techniques in higher vocational education from three stages of "before class, in class, after class". The results showed that flipped classroom based on IT technology could stimulate students' initiative and interest in learning, cultivate students' independent learning ability and collaborative learning ability, therefore, teaching effect was significantly improved compared to traditional classroom.

Combined with the characteristics and problems of Engineering Chemistry, this article explored the application of case teaching method in intheory teaching from four aspects such as reflecting professional characteristics, closely integrating with the practice of life, keeping up with frontier, and combining with exploratory experiment to stimulate students' enthusiasm and initiative and improve the teaching effect of engineering chemistry.

In view of the increasing demand of graduates' practical ability in recent years, this paper put forward some teaching reform measures. These measures included that exploiting the characteristic of science majors, strengthening students' professional practice ability education, creating a new talent cultivating system for pharmaceutical chemistry, establishing the practice education base for the talent cultivating system of pharmaceutical chemistry. In addition, this paper also proposed some new suggestions on education system, adjustment of curriculum module and promotion of comprehensive ability.

College chemistry is one of the foundation courses for military logistics major, which provides the basis for solving chemical problems in PAPF logistics support. This paper studied teaching contents, teaching mode and teaching evaluation, and tried to motivate the students to analyze and solve problems in military equipment, military engineering and logistics support in terms of chemical theories.

This article analyzed the necessity of infiltrating the ideas of green chemistry to students major in five-year preschool education from three aspects including the improvement of chemical literacy, the enhancement of professional quality and the improvement of living habits. Moreover, it explored how to effectively infiltrate green chemistry ideas into the training of the students from four aspects such as chemistry teaching, extracurricular practical activities, scientific interest groups, and green chemistry experiments.

This paper optimized and calculated the structures and electronic circular dichroism spectra of chiral pesticides R- and S-butylene fipronil by Gaussian 09 software, and discussed the application of Gaussian software in teaching of stereochemistry (circular dichroism spectra). It was helpful to understand the three dimensional structure of chiral molecules, the theory of electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy and the assignment of the electronic transition. And it could improve the students' learning interests and learning enthusiasm.

This paper built the visual program based on LabVIEW for the hydrogen atom and hydrogen-like atom isodense wave function in different levels, which could real-time achieve the visualization of the wave function ψ²_nlm(r,θ,φ) changing with radius(r) in angles (θ, φ), and arbitrary cross section isodensity. The visual program could have a further description in the solid wave function graph, directly reflect the electronic structure of atoms and molecules and help to understand the nature of chemical reaction and bonding. In addition, the program also has many advantages of friendly interface, controlling it easily and extending its function freely.

This paper conducted a survey through questionnaires on medicinal preparation students' learning of chemical terms, and teachers' teaching approaches. The results showed that the overall level of normative use of chemical terms by higher vocational students was low. In view of the situation, the author proposed that students' bad learning habits should be corrected and more attention should be paid to the exemplary role of teachers.

Combined with related concepts of environmental entropy change, chemical potential of the ideal dilute solution and polymers in physical chemistry, the theory of equivalent infinitesimal was used to analyze the calculation formula of the environmental entropy change and the chemical potential of the ideal dilute solution, and the key theoretical deduction in the experiment of the determination of the relative molecular mass of high polymer by viscosity method. Through theorem of proportion by addition and subtraction and physical chemistry knowledge of lever rule and ion transference number, the related formulas of the lever rule and ion transference number were derived. These methods could make the abstract and difficult physical chemistry knowledge specific and easy for students to understand, master and apply.

This paper analyzed some error-prone knowledge points in the teaching of Organic Chemistry, such as naming organic compounds, writing the structure of organic compounds, completing the organic reaction, comparison of acidity and alkalinity and reaction activity of organic compounds, identification and separation of compounds, organic synthesis, etc., and put forward some suggestions for relevant teaching activities, and aims to ensure the quality of teaching.