In order to explore the leaching toxicity of used household alkaline dry batteries, broken rate of 1% and 100% batteries were leached graded through distilled water and mercury, cadmium, lead and zinc were determined respectively. Research results showed that mercury was not detected in the leached solution, but cadmium, lead, zinc could be detected and concentration of zinc in the liquid was higher than integrated wastewater discharge standard. Waste batteries should be recycled positively.

This paper analyzed the value of primary battery contents in compulsory stage of senior high school to develop students' energy view, proposed that the general ideas and methods of analyzing the principles of primary battery and designing primary battery device were the preconditions for the functionalization of the energy view. This study also expounded some teaching strategies in the fresh teaching stage of primary battery such as optimizing teaching model, taking students to inquire the design of primary battery and construct the cognitive model of primary battery, and promoting the construction of students' concept and the functionalization of ideas.

This study diagnosed and analyzed the learning difficulties of redox reaction of freshmen of Grade 1 in senior high schools through the method of test, interview and so on, and found that the students were lack of understanding of valence and concepts related redox reaction from the micro level. This paper made teaching design based on the analysis of learning difficulties, and had conducted the classroom practice research.

This paper analyzed the problems of unclear course classification and confused learning levels existing in chemistry teaching under class-selection system, and proposed classification ideas of chemistry curriculum. Chemistry curriculums were divided into professional chemistry, life chemistry, vocational chemistry and interesting chemistry. Moreover, this paper designed the hierarchical implementation plan of chemistry curriculum combining with the classification of chemistry curriculums and students' level.

Thesis writing and defense for high school students were more and more familiar, but there were very rare to consciously design open subject in routine teaching and require students to write the thesis in accordance with the standard format and make presentation and defense.This paper had carried out the systematic experiment of thesis writing and defense in different grades in 2 years of chemistry teaching, which indicated that it was conducive to develop students' potential, cultivate students' innovative thinking and improve the comprehensive quality and ability.

This paper took the teaching of chlorine water as an example, applied threefold representations to know and understand substance from multiple angles, utilized mind map to show the relationships among threefold representations. The research results showed that SOLO classification theory could effectively guide teachers to determine students' learning zone of proximal development and effective teaching strategies; using mind map could directly indicated logical relationship among threefold representations, promoted the students to construct the organic integrative relationship among threefold representations, accelerated to translate and transform among threefold representations taking symbolic representation as the bridge, enabled students to develop the multi point knowledge structure to the related knowledge structure and the abstract expanding structure. Therefore, it was beneficial to improve the quality of students' learning in the teaching by using mind map to construct the overall relationships among threefold representations of chemistry.

Questions for natural science test in Chinese Taiwan's academic competence test were all choice questions; in order to reduce the tendency to randomly guess answers and to examine the students' thinking process and differences, it increased the number of options and the proportion of multiple choice questions, and changed the arrangement mode of multiple choice questions and the way of scoring, which improved the evaluation function of multiple choice questions and made examination more fair.

According to the chemical capacity requirements of the college entrance examination for Beijing students, combined with the actual situation of chemistry learning of grade 3 students in senior high school, this study designed a new inquiry teaching topic with the core knowledge of "iron and its compounds". This paper also expected to guide students to understand college entrance examination "to test what-how test-how to answer" in the process of solving practical problems in the classroom, to have experiences of the generation of college entrance examination questions and the strategies for problem solving, in order to improve the ability of students to solve problems, to enhance the level of students' thinking.

This paper analyzed the concept of quality, literacy and cultivation, and put forward that chemistry teachers' experimental literacy could be defined as two aspects: experimental quality and experimental cultivation. This paper also explored the chemistry teachers' experimental theoretical quality and operational quality in Y city, made an attribution analysis and put forward two perspectives on the improvement of chemistry teachers' experimental literacy: teachers' dimensions and top-level design.

This paper investigated the status of chemistry experiment teaching in western rural junior high school of one county in Gansu province of China. This survey showed that the main problems were: teachers lacked responsibility, teaching motivation and experiment teaching strategies; their teaching idea was old and experiment teaching quality was low; students' experimental activities were lack of reasonable evaluation and the normal operation of chemical laboratory was difficult.

During the teaching of chemistry experiment course, teachers should not only pay attention to the specific experimental knowledge, but also focus on the ideas and methods of chemical experiment, in order to make full use of the teaching function of chemistry experiment and improve students' experimental ability. This paper introduced an example of teaching design of "preparation of ethyl acetate",in which the ideas and methods of chemical experiment were infiltrated.

This paper monitored the pH value change of barium hydroxide solution by adding drops of sodium sulfate solution through the handheld technology. The behavior of hydroxyl ions was revealed during the reaction process. The experiment made students realize that not all the ions participate in the reaction, and have a comprehensive understanding the essence of the ionic reaction.

Aiming at the abnormal phenomena in the experiment of hydrogen evolution corrosion in the textbook of Jiangsu Education Press, oxygen was found to be the main factor that affected the hydrogen evolution corrosion experiment through experimental inquiry, based on the principle of electrochemical corrosion of metals. And then this paper designed schemes of casing tube experiments for hydrogen evolution corrosion and oxygen absorption corrosion, and microscale experiment of hydrogen evolution corrosion.

Preparation of ammonia in the laboratory used calcium hydroxide instead of sodium hydroxide, and the reasons found by experiment inquiry were: sodium hydroxide heated to molten corroding the test tube, liquid reactant flowed to the mouth of tube and the reaction rate was too fast to control. When the molar ratio of ammonium chloride and calcium hydroxide was 4:3, ammonia yield was the highest. Based on the above analysis, this paper improved the experiment used calcium oxide instead of calcium hydroxide, which could increase the ammonia yield greatly.

This paper inquired the effect of pH and voltage on the electrolysis of ferrous chloride solution through experiment, and discussed questions such as "how ferrous ions were oxidized at the anode" and "what material was produced at the cathode" based on electrochemical theory.

This paper qualitatively analyzed particulate concentrations in sodium bicarbonate solution, three critical points were found and the order of particulate concentration was predicted. The particulate concentrations at three critical points were defined by quantitative analysis. The whole concentration range was divided into four parts by three critical points, and the particulate concentrations were ranked in every range.

This paper pointed out the problems existing in the description of conditions for occurrence of metathetical reaction in textbook, and discussed the concept of the corresponding product in different conditions. Moreover, this paper put forward the concept of possible product, and some suggestions for the revision of the relevant contents in the textbook.

The IB course is a two-years course for high school students designed by International Baccalaureate Organisation(IBO). This paper introduced the form of IB examination and the types of the chemistry test, and then analyzed the characteristics of questions of the IB test papers. It would provide some references for students studying the IB courses, teachers teaching the IB courses and chemical basic education reform in China.