Cobalt is named after German Kobold, which means goblin. This essay reviewed the discovery of cobalt element as well as its historical significance in the development of chemistry. The versatile catalytic applications of cobalt in clean energy and green synthesis were introduced.

This paper deals with the germinating nouns of coordination chemistry, such as supermolecule, Schiff-base, metallocene, Fullerene, liquid crystal and low dimensional, non-linear optics, and topology.

The setting of professional curriculum is the core element for the talent training target of the undergraduates in universities. Herein, the curriculum for the professional basic courses, core courses and extension courses of the undergraduates majoring in chemistry and applied chemistry in some universities is studied to propose a proper curriculum program for three levels of the professional courses in the talent training of the chemistry major undergraduates and thus to clarify the structure of the professional curriculum system. This study provides an important reference for the talent training of chemistry major undergraduates, and has a great significance for guiding and promoting the talent training of undergraduates.

Based on the concentration (c) and dissociation constant (K_a), pH value of HA (a weak monoprotic acid) solution can approximately be estimated by a simpler equation (the relative error should be within (5%). It is very important for the undergraduate students to master the approximation method. In this paper, various simplified equations were derived for the first time by using mathematical methods. From the approximate equation[H⁺]_AV1=1/2(-K_a+√K_a²+4cK_a), other two equations can be derived directly:(1) when c approaches 0,[H⁺]_AV1 approaches c. In fact, when c ≤ 1/19K_a and c ≥ 5.0×10^-7 mol/L, HA can be treated as a strong acid, namely[H⁺]=c. (2) when c approaches very large,[H⁺]_AV1 approaches √cK_a. In fact, when c ≥ 105K_a and cK_a ≥ 10K_w, the hydrogen ionic concentration of the HA solution can be obtained by[H⁺]_AV2=√cK_a. Another purpose of this article is to discuss the working conditions of various approximations in detail. For example, if approximate equation[H⁺]_AV1=1/2(-K_a+√K_a²+4cK_a) works properly, both c ≥ 6×10^-6 mol/L and cK_a ≥ 10K_w should be fulfilled.

To improve the classroom teaching effect of instrumental analysis course for the agriculture and forestry specialties, the MOOC idea is referenced, the SPOC curricula are constructed through the network platform, the classroom teaching is reformed, the teaching concept and the process are reconstructed, the roles of teachers and students is exchanged, and the online learning is seamlessly docked to the offline classroom teaching. The implementation of these measures can help students to integrate the fragmentation time and information effectively, and make the learning to be a self-sustainable behavior. At the same time, the teaching pattern and method of instrumental analysis course are further reformed and multi-scale teaching assessment is established in order to effectively improve the teaching effect of instrumental analysis course.

A series of metal phthalocyanine(MPc) were synthesized by solid phase synthesis using 4-tertbutyl phthalic anhydride, ZnCl₂,CoCl₃, AlCl₃, urea and ammonium molybdate. And the target products were confirmed through infrared spectrum; at the same time, the effect of the solvent, concentration, center metal to the UV-Vis spectra and fluorescence spectra of MPc was analyzed.

In order to meet the needs of cultivating application-oriented talents, many teaching reforms on the analytical chemistry experiment were developed. On the basis of the strategies of fraternal university and the specific situation of our university, some reform programs were put forward by changing the teaching contents, optimizing the teaching methods, improving examination methods, and enhancing the teachers' quality. Some good achievements were achieved after these reforms. So our teaching reform on the analytical chemistry experiment has some reference value for other universities.

Combining previous scientific research, a research-oriented experiment which took synthesis, characterization and low-temperature denitration performance study of γ-MnO₂-TiO₂/attapulgite as the main line was designed. The aim is to guide the student to refer the literature, and comprehensively consider the effect of various factors on the experimental results, and thus design and optimize the experiment scheme in order to develop the students' comprehensive practical ability and innovative thinking.

Mind mapping was introduced in experiment teaching of electrochemical instrumental analysis. The application methods and teaching effects were discussed and evaluated. The experimental principle was imparted based on "compare and contrast diagram" and "logical thinking diagram", emphasizing the relation between different methods to stand out the characteristic of new one. The experimental procedure was presented by "flow chart", which was clear and understandable. The teaching practice indicated that mind mapping is beneficial for students to understand and master the basic principles of the experiment, increasing their interests and improving their independent thinking and problem solving skills, which promoted the teaching effect significantly.

The flower-like morphology MgFe₂O₄/Bi₂WO₆ magnetic composite photocatalyst was successfully prepared by hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic activity of 10% MgFe₂O₄/Bi₂WO₆ is the best. When the initial concentration of butyl xanthate was 50 mg/L and the dosage was 0.5 g/L, the degradation rate of butyl xanthate can reach 96%. This opening experiment was designed for the science and engineering undergraduate. The students need to do literature searching, experimental scheme, operation, data analysis and report writing independently. The purpose is to promote their mixed ability and innovation ability.

Improving students' nature of science understanding is an important goal of international science education. Teachers play an important role in improving students' views of nature of science. Based on the review of international NOS education literature, this study focuses on the transformation of teachers' views of nature of science into classroom practice. The findings showed that the teachers' views of nature of science couldn't be automatically translated into classroom practice, the factors affecting this "transformation" could be analyzed from three aspects:teachers, students and textbooks. Finally, this study summarized the strategies of promoting the "transformation" from the perspective of pre-service teachers and in-service teachers.

A soil-column leaching experiment device was designed and was introduced in an typical environment chemistry experiment. A constant concentration of heavy metals solution was added into the upper end of leaching experiment device, which migrated at different levels in soil column, leached from the bottom of leaching experiment device, achieved transfer-transformation in soil. Mineral composition and heavy metal concentration was measured at different levels in soil column by XRD and ICP-OES. According to the results of the heavy metal concentration in the soil column, the migration and transformation characters were discussed in this study. This experiment will enable students to further understand the basic knowledge of soil in environment chemistry and learn transfer-transformation of soil profile, which can help students master the basic operation skill of related instruments. It improves students' comprehensive experimental skills and stimulates most of the students' learning capacity of scientific research, and develops students' innovative ability of scientific research.

Composite powders for developing latent fingermarks were prepared based on physical absorption between diatomite and basic dyes including methylene blue and safranine T. Morphology and structure of diatomite were characterized by SEM and FTIR, respectively. Adsorption property of diatomite was measured by UV-Vis absorption spectra. Fingermarks on various objects were successfully developed by basic dye-diatomite composite powders. This comprehensive chemical experiment covered a set of areas, including data processing and equipment use in analytical chemistry, surface adsorption mechanism in physical chemistry, and latent fingermark development in forensic science, which would broaden students' horizon and enhance their scientific literacy.

The paper analyzes the main factors that restrict the teaching of biopharmaceutical experiments and the feasibility of constructing virtual experiment. Aiming at some problems in biological pharmacy experimental teaching, a new teaching mode was proposed based on virtual-actual combination. The experiment mode adopted 3D MAX and Unity 3D as tools to construct virtual reality (VR) experimental teaching, which realized the the teaching mode of virtual experiment assistant support and virtual experiment operation interaction. The mode was integrated the virtual reality experiment teaching and the online experiment, which indicated that the new teaching mode can improve learning efficiency and students' ability of hands-on practice in some complex biological pharmaceutical experiment.

The research in this paper is focused on how to solve the problems of low participation rate and poor teaching effect in postgraduate experiment courses for advanced instruments. The case of postgraduate student experimental courses for HPLC-MS was taken and the problem-based learning mode was used. In order to make the students seek the answer to the question actively, the teaching process took the students as the center and took the problem which was designed inferior from research case as starting point. The problem-based learning mode could improve independent learning ability of students and teach them the way to master and transform knowledge. In order to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of experiment courses for advanced instruments and provide data reference for further teaching reform, the results of this research have been evaluated from three aspects, including observing students' classroom performance, investigating students' experience in class, and investigating the completion of students' curriculum tasks.

In order to improve the teaching effect, a new teaching mode based on smart phone-wireless screencast-projector has been well designed. These teaching units such as experimental principle, experimental instrument operation, correction of common error in experimental operation and safety training have been performed with high efficiency. This new teaching mode breaks through the limitations of lab space, which not only helps teacher instruct students with high efficiency, but also makes students do chemical experiments with good scientific habits and further increase their experiment grades.

The experiment of solid-liquid phase diagram of binary metals is an important physical chemistry experiment. But the cooling curve drawing method takes a long time for waiting. If theachers only introduce experiment principle and experiment step, which will make the experimental process to be a bit boring. Thus, in the experimental waiting time, teachers can introduce the Origin software. As an important software for data analysis and processing, Origin software can be often used in scientific research. Therefore, it is benefit to make the undergraduate students get in touch with the data processing and drawing function of the Origin software in advance, especially the simple processing of the experimental data, which can enhance the students' input in the experiment process and improve the learning effect. At the same time, it helpful for the data analysis and drawing in their future study and work.

Homogeneous precipitation is seldom performed in analytical chemistry experiment course in university at present. Determination of calcium by indirect titration with potassium permanganate is a standard experiment in analytical chemistry in university. For this experiment, there have been two optional precipitation operations, homogeneous precipitation and common precipitation. Although the homogeneous precipitation method is not used in this experiment in China now, some textbooks of analytical chemistry regard the common precipitation procedure as homogeneous precipitation, which would certainly lead to misunderstanding. This paper discussed the reason and consequences of the situation.

There are some unique features on pre-service chemistry teachers education in Singapore, including teacher access system based on vocational interests, practical teaching system running through the whole process and perfect evaluation mechanism. All of them inject vitality and motivation for teacher education of Singapore. By analyzing the curriculum provision, training mode and characteristics of pre-service chemistry teachers education in Singapore, we can draw lessons from Singapore's successful experience, and provide reference and enlightenment for our country.