Gallium is the first element predicted according to the periodic law of chemical elements and confirmed in nature. It has the highest electrical conductivity as well as the highest thermal conductivity in all the fluid matters. Gallium is applied widely in electronic industry and is known as the backbone of electronic industry. Over the last decade, there have been discovered more application potentials of gallium such as electrical industry, heat dissipation, additive manufacturing, soft machine, biomedicine and so on.

Ninhydrin is a reagent that is usually used to detect amino acids in analytical and biological chemistry. In the field of forensic chemistry, ninhydrin shows high sensitivity for developing latent fingermarks on porous substrates like paper. History of discovery and application of ninhydrin, reaction mechanism between ninhydrin and amino acid, and application of ninhydrin in fingermark development and enhancement are introduced, so technologies and principles in forensic science can be expanded into teaching content of organic and coordination chemistry.

Based on the idea of properties of organic compounds determined by their structure, a teaching method about the comparison of structure, properties and reactivity between alcohol, phenol, ether compounds and halogenated hydrocarbon oriented by structural analysis is applied which can help students understand and further memorize the chemical properties of all the above organic compounds.

In the movie and scientific research of Mars, water is a hot research topic. The latest literature in Science reported that liquid water exists beneath the Antarctic ice cap on Mars. Combining the phase diagram of pure water in Physical Chemistry, the difference between water triple-point and freezing point, the Clapeyron equation, freezing-point depression and other knowledge points, we can understand the contents of the research report well. The combination mode of research hotspots and teaching knowledge points is beneficial to cultivate students' interest and the comprehensive scientific thinking ability of high school students.

Transforming scientific research achievements in frontier fields into Research-oriented comprehensive experiments. According to the development of new clean energy sources, the preparation and characterization of anode catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells were introduced here. Pt nanotubes were prepared by liquid phase reduction substitution method. The morphology and structure of Pt nanotubes were characterized by XRD, TEM. The electrochemical properties of Pt nanotubes were tested in potassium hydroxide solution as electrolyte. Through this experiment, students can not only understand the experimental principle, synthesis method and data analysis of the Pt catalysts, but also improve the operation skills and innovative thinking and innovative ability while cultivating their research interests.

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a classical experiment in the teaching of polymer physics. In this paper, the working principle of DSC, the factors affecting the experiment, the application of DSC in polymer and the practical experience in teaching are elaborated in detail, and some suggestions for future experimental teaching are put forward.

Starting from benzaldehyde and nitromethane, 4-phenylimidazolidin-2-one was successfully obtained by the Henry reaction, Ritter reaction, reduction reaction, amino protection and hydrolysis reaction. The experiment procedures include flash column chromatography, heating reflux, extraction, etc. Five typical reactions were included in our synthetic route, and the synthetic methods had many reports. In combination with the spectroscopy analysis, this experiment deepened students' understanding of transformations of functional groups and the reaction mechanism, and improved their experimental ability. Their understanding and application of the theoretical knowledge of spectroscopy and their ability of organic synthesis can also be motivated and trained. This approach has achieved a good teaching effect.

In the past ten years, educational phenomenology has developed rapidly in China and attracted more and more attention. It has gradually formed a set of mature and operational research methods and procedures. Failure experiences of students were studied in this paper, conclusions were drawn that the basic theme was:the failure experiences of chemistry experiment (including experimental accident) were rich, which were enhanced or weakened by many factors (teacher guidance, peer cooperation and competition, personal reasons and time). It also discussed the significance of the fundamental theme from the four dimensions of spatial, substantive, temporal, and relevance. And comparison was made with international related research, the application scope and prospect of the method were pointed out at last.

Based on the grounded theory, we obtained the development path and phase characteristics of practical knowledge of normal students in chemistry major during the replacement practice. It was found that the development path of practical knowledge of normal students in chemistry major includes six aspects:the conflict and integration of reality and practice, the accumulation and construction of personal experience, the reference of others' experience, the reflection and promotion of activity participation, the collision and communication of team wisdom, and the influence and promotion of practice environment. In the early period of the replacement practice, the development of practical knowledge of normal students in chemistry major had obvious characteristics of individuality, idealism, conflict and reference. In the later period of practice, the development of practical knowledge of normal students in chemistry major had obvious characteristics of pertinence, integration, mobility and verification. Based on the research conclusions, some suggestions on the generation and development of practical knowledge of normal students were put forward.

Argumentation instruction is an important field in the international science education. The quasi-experimental design and mixed research method was used in the course of "Chemistry Pedagogy Experiment" for one semester. The experimental group was carried out argumentation instruction and the process of students' scientific argumentation was analyzed in detail by means of GR coding. The research results show that the argumentation instruction can improve students' ability of scientific argumentation and enhance their interest in the chemistry experimental course.

Based on the carbon dioxide reforming of methane (DRM) to syngas, an inquiry experiment is designed. The process of syngas production and the modern analytical techniques are applied to the specialized experiment teaching of chemical engineering to improve the innovative and practical abilities of the student. The experiment includes the preparation, the evaluation and the characterization of catalyst. Ni/X/γ-Al₂O₃ (X denotes Co, Fe, MgO, CeO₂) catalyst is prepared by the impregnation method which is commonly used in industry, and its catalytic performance is evaluated by DRM. XRD, H₂-TPR, BET and TG are used to characterize the microstructure of the catalyst. The improvement effect and mechanism of different promoters on Ni catalyst can be discussed according to the evaluation results and the characterization results. Based on this experiment, the student can learn about the frontier knowledge of chemical engineering and the basic principle and purpose of the modern analytical technique, as well as the experimental operation skills, data processing skills and drawing skills, which can enhance the professional quality and comprehensive abilities of the student.

Taking cyclic voltammetry for example, here in this paper, we introduced how to establish electrochemical reaction model and perform numerical simulation through COMSOL Multiphysics. Changing the electrode size, electron transfer kinetics and homogeneous reaction kinetics, we realized the visually dynamic display of the correlations between cyclic voltammogram and concentration distribution of reactant in diffusion layer. These correlations and dynamic display can help beginners to understand the electrochemical fundamentals involved in cyclic voltammetry.

Taking the course of coating formulation design as an example, this paper describes the process of knowledge fragmentation and systematic reconstruction under project-oriented. Knowledge fragmentation includes four processes:clearing up curriculum content, knowledge fragmentation, equipping appropriate resources and labeling, which is not only ensured the fineness of fragmented knowledge points, but also ensured the independence and integrity of each knowledge point. The process of systematic reconstruction includes project identification, knowledge point classification and knowledge network construction, in which mind map plays a significant role in the construction of knowledge network.

"Model cognition" is an important component of chemical core literacy. This study defined the concept of model and model cognition, established the constituent elements of cognitive ability of chemical model and its related performance indicators, and designed a questionnaire to probe into the current situation of "model cognition" ability of pre-service teachers. The results showed that the overall level of "model cognition" ability of pre-service teachers was not high; there were significant differences among different grades and no significant difference in gender.