Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide,resulting in a significant medical burden.Its control depends not only on advances in treatment methods but also on the development of detection technologies.The occurrence and progression of tumors are accompanied by various changes in cellular structures and functions,as well as alterations in the tumor microenvironment.These processes involve specific molecular changes that can serve as cancer biomarkers.In recent years,positron emission tomography(PET)has been widely used to capture these molecular changes,enabling the detection of structural and functional alterations in tumors.The progress of PET technology relies on the discovery and use of various radiotracers,which are closely associated with their chemical design and synthesis.This article reviews the roles of different types of typical radioactive tracers in PET for cancer biomarker detection and provides an overview of the fundamental chemistry knowledge involved in the labelling of radioactive tracers.This not only contributes to public understanding of the application of radioactive tracers in cancer detection but also helps the public appreciate the role of basic chemistry knowledge in the development of PET radiotracers.Meanwhile,the design and synthesis process of these radioactive tracers also serve as excellent materials for basic chemistry education,contributing to the teaching of basic chemistry in life science-related disciplines.

Fluorescence,as a classic phenomenon in physical chemistry,has played a significant role in uncovering the deep mechanisms of life sciences and driving the revolution in precision medicine.This paper aims to introduce the cutting-edge applications of fluorescence imaging technology in biomedical research.Starting from the natural phenomena of fluorescence,it discusses the mechanisms of fluorescence generation,the development history of fluorescent dyes,the design strategies of multifunctional fluorescent probes,and the advanced applications of fluorescence imaging technology in live cell detection,disease diagnosis,phototherapy,and intraoperative navigation.By providing a comprehensive and accessible overview of fluorescence-related imaging technology,this paper seeks to offer core concepts,current hot topics,and the latest advancements in fluorescence imaging technology to researchers and interested individuals in chemistry,materials science,biology,medicine,and other disciplines.

This article takes “Comprehensive Analysis of the Molecular Structure of Artemisinin” in the Spectral Aualysis courseas an example.Based on a problem oriented approach,a series of learning tasks and chain problems are designed around how to cultivate students’ ability to correctly analyze the molecular structure of compounds by comprehensively applying various methods and techniques.The goal is to organically integrate the literacy,knowledge,and ability objectives of the course,and to truly integrate ideological and political education into professional course teaching.From the perspective of teaching effectiveness,students not only master the comprehensive analysis method of organic structure,but also further enhance their ability to analyze and solve problems.At the same time,the scientists’ fearless and persistent spirit of scientific exploration also endows students with strong positive energy,which is conducive to establishing correct values,outlook on life,and patriotism.

The experimental teaching project of polymer science in colleges and universities is not synchronized with the development of polymer science and technology.To address this issue,this project proposes constructing interpenetrating polymer networks(IPN)and preparing conductive interpenetrating hydrogel materials with thermal-responsiveness.The thermal-response performance of these materials is measured to expand students’ understanding of the application of polymer materials in the field of electrical sensing.The experiment focuses on the research hotspot of polymer science.Students conduct a literature review and teachers grasp the depth of the introduction of scientific research achievements,followed by guiding students to design the experiment,which could be regards as a small-scale scientific research project that integrates aggregation-structure characterization-performance testing.In the experimental session,temperature or material variables are introduced into some experiments in order to simulate the process of scientific research exploration.Through data sharing and comprehensive analysis among different groups,the gradient control experiments are efficiently completed.This enables students to develop their ability well to analyze data horizontally and draw conclusions.This experiment has been implemented in undergraduate experimental teaching for two years,during which time students have been guided to win two awards in provincial and above-level disciplinary competitions,and published one paper in a Chinese core journal.The teaching implementation process has achieved a good experimental teaching effect.

At present,most chemistry teaching experiments are verification-based,which leads to a lack of independent innovation ability among students.To address this issue,starting from the National Standards for Undergraduate Teaching Quality of Chemistry Specialty,we designed a new undergraduate experiment titled“Self-developed surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry for efficient detection of unsaturated fatty acids in black tea”.In this experiment,students will independently build an atmospheric corona discharge ionization device to gain a deep understanding of the principles of ionization and epoxidation,thereby stimulating their experimental initiative.The self-made device is simple and fast,significantly reducing teaching costs,avoiding the use of organic reagents,and being environmentally friendly.In this experiment,CC position isomers are identified and quantitatively analyzed by studying the epoxidation reaction of the new active species water radical cations,(H₂O)^<sup>+·_<sub>2,with trans-2-hexenoic acid and trans-3-octenoic acid.This experiment covers basic analytical chemistry operations and organic mass spectrometry skills,cultivates students’ hands-on operation ability,exercises scientific thinking,and is suitable for undergraduate chemistry experiment teaching.

A comprehensive and innovative experiment was designed based on teacher’s research achievements:a carbon-based perovskite solar cell driving fan.This experiment integrates knowledge of crystal structure from inorganic chemistry and semiconductor materials from materials chemistry,aiming to solidify students’ academic foundation while fostering their basic experimental skills and characterization analysis techniques.To enable students to intuitively experience the practical application of research achievements,the experimental process has been simplified,exploring the optimized conditions for perovskite composition engineering.Further tests such as X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,and current density-voltage(J-V)curves are conducted to characterize the performance of perovskite films and devices.Ultimately,these devices are utilized to drivie a mini fan.The implementation of this teaching case,which transforms cutting-edge research achievements,not only ignites students’ enthusiasm for learning but also cultivates their innovative thinking and scientific exploration abilities through hands-on practice,broadening their scientific frontiers.

Based on chemical theory and fundamental chemistry experiment,the project-based learning of organic chemistry classroom teaching is carried out.Taking“synthesis of coumarin-3-carboxylic acid”as the project theme,students are guided to learn the important knowledge of the aldehydes and ketones chapter,and apply the knowledge to the project tasks of“synthesis of coumarin-3-carboxylic acid”.The project revolves around key tasks including initial and re-acquaintance with aldehydes and ketones,analysis of the preparation principle and process of coumarin-3-carboxylic acid,design and synthesis of coumarin-3-carboxylic acid,presentation and exchange,presenting a project-based learning design approach and teaching practice process that integrates theoretical and experimental teaching in university organic chemistry.

This study explored the perceptions of 36 pre-service chemistry teachers on“big ideas”(nature,properties,forms,structures,and functions)and their pedagogical application through an open-ended questionnaire and interviews.Specifically,it examined their understanding in relation to four domains:knowledge of curriculum(KoC),knowledge of learners(KoL),knowledge of instructional strategies(KoS),and knowledge of assessment(KoA).The findings revealed that:(1)Pre-service teachers demonstrated a comprehensive understanding of big ideas,yet they struggled to distill these concepts and lacked clarity regarding their hierarchical structure.(2)They were more familiar with senior high school content,displaying stronger comprehension of compulsory topics compared to elective ones.(3)Their understanding of KoL tended to be deductive,emphasizing deficiencies in students’ cognitive abilities over knowledge-related challenges.(4)They exhibited shortcomings in teaching strategies and assessment methods,with an absence of targeted approaches for teaching big ideas.The implications for pre-service chemistry teacher education are also discussed.

The course“Chemistry on the Tip of the Tongue”adopts a student-centered approach aimed at enhancing teaching quality while simultaneously achieving the dual objectives of“education”and“development”within general education.Targeted at non-chemistry majors,the course integrates“chemistry and food knowledge”,“nutrition and health knowledge”and“historical and social knowledge”,establishing an interdisciplinary teaching mode characterized by“interest”,“practical relevance”and“moral education”.Designed with a focus on popular science and accessibility,the course accommodates students with diverse academic backgrounds,fostering effective learning experiences.By incorporating the“learning by doing”pedagogy,the course combines contextual teaching with hands-on experiments to ignite students’ interest and emphasize the experimental essence of chemistry.The teaching framework prioritizes student engagement,employing the“5E”instructional mode alongside a blended online-offline strategy to promote interaction and independent learning.Furthermore,a multidimensional evaluation system ensures students not only gain knowledge but also develop key competencies and practical skills.The course has demonstrated significant educational outcomes,particularly in enhancing students’ ability to apply chemical principles,fostering innovative thinking,and cultivating social responsibility.It offers substantial educational value and holds considerable potential for broader implementation.

The application of the valence shell electron pair repulsion(VSEPR)theory allows for a straightforward prediction of the spatial configuration of AB_n type molecules or ions.The VSEPR theory links the electron distribution of ground state atoms and the hybrid orbital theory.It is also the foundation for studying intermolecular forces and coordination compounds.Proficiency in VSEPR theory enhances the logic of learning structural chemistry and improves the affinity for learning abstract content.This article employs the NO₂ molecule,which does not fully conform to the VSEPR prediction,to design and implement a series of progressive discussions around its valence bond structure and bond angles.It concludes with an exploration of“resonance theory”and“three-electron bond”to extend learning,consolidating the teaching content while igniting the enthusiasm for seeking the truth.This approach guides students to understand the VSEPR theory objectively and comprehensively,cultivates a dialectical thinking habit of approaching scientific principles with an evolutionary perspective,and improves ideological and political literacy.

On the basis of papers published in the Journal of Chemical Education in the past ten years(2014.01—2023.12),this paper analyzes the application of information technology in nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectral teaching.Some teaching cases on NMR using cutting-edge information technologies such as artificial intelligence,augmented reality and 3D printing were introduced.This paper may provide insight for higher chemical education in China.

The long-standing common mistakes on the understanding and expression of the pK_a used in anionic polymerization existing in domestic textbooks of polymer chemistry has been revealed.A definite conclusion has been drawn based on the discussion of the 5 different viewpoints in literature using basic organic chemistry knowledge with rigorous logic and clear thinking.And a diagram of reactions and relationships relating to the pK_a has been given.Furthermore,questions like“why propylene and vinyl acetate cannot be anionic polymerized into high polymer,but vinyl chloride and ethylene can”,“what would be the proper sequence of monomer addition for synthesis of α-methylstyrene-isoprene-styrene triblock copolymers”and“why do the anionic polymerization of vinyl monomers usually have ‘fast initiation but slower propagation’”were reasoned using the diagram with supporting literature being given.Applying of the above process in teaching,can stimulate students’ interest in inquiring,cultivate their critical spirit,questioning attitude and dialectical thinking,enhance their awareness and ability of literature search and utilization,while impart correct knowledge and correct errors in textbooks,and have a multi-goal teaching and learning being achieved.

Organic reactions are often accompanied by electron transfer,during which the calculation and representation of charges,as well as the valence state changes and the related reaction properties of atoms,cause great puzzle for beginners in organic chemistry.Therefore,in view of the methods of charge calculation,the causes of charge generation,and some other topics about charges,this paper aims to disclose the reasons for the charge generation of organic particles and the significance of formal charges;the essence of electrophilicity and nucleophilicity and their relationship with charges;the valence state changes and oxidation state of organic compounds;and briefly explain the relationship between charges and bonding capability.Thereby,we hope to provide learners with deeper thinking on organic chemical reactions,and enhance their knowledge and skills.

Taking 590 masters and doctoral dissertations written in China about the research on chemistry textbooks from 2013 to 2023 as sample data,this paper used the content analysis method to investigate the current situation of the research about chemistry textbooks from research themes,objects,methods and threads.It is found that in the past decade,the research about chemistry textbooks covered five topics:content comparison,content analysis,textbook use,textbook compilation,and textbook evaluation.The research object was mainly the middle and high school chemistry textbooks used in China in the 21st century.Various research methods were used,showing different characteristics according to the research themes.The research threads gradually moved from vague to distinct and orderly.There were still some deficiencies,such as the narrow focus on research areas,the chaos in using research methods,imprecise research process and arguments.Chemistry textbook researchers need to strengthen the balance and integration of different research topics and objects,deepen the understanding and reflection of research methods,enhance the standardization and precision of research procedures,increase the theoretical depth and scope of research,so as to promote the innovation and development of chemistry textbook research.

Through textual analysis of the history of the definition of vanadium,it can be seen that the development of the definition of vanadium can be roughly divided into four periods:First,Mexican chemist Del Rio found erythronium in“brown lead mineral”,and the definition of vanadium began to sprout.Second,Swedish chemist Sefstrm further predicted the element when studying iron ore produced in Taberg,Sweden and named it Vanadium,and the hypothesis of vanadium was formally formed.Third,the preparation of vanadium and the determination of the atomic weight of vanadium form the macroscopic and microscopic characterization of vanadium,which promotes the formation and development of the definition of vanadium.Fourth,the discovery of vanadium isotopes made people have a new understanding of vanadium.In short,with the development of scientific methods and scientific ideas,the connotation of vanadium element definition is also constantly developing.

This paper introduces the discovery and development process of eight types of engineering plastics,and discusses four attitudes and ideological spirits that higher education should maintain in guiding students to engage in research,aiming at advocating the development concept of higher education focusing on health and the development of innovative ideas.