This review summarizes the types,structural characteristics,and biological activities of plant,fungal,and algal polysaccharides,and explores the relationship between their structures and activities.Plant polysaccharides,such as those derived from Astragaluspolysaccharides(APs)and Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides(ABPs) ,exhibit significant immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities.Fungal polysaccharides,such as those found in Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides(GLPs) and Lentinan(LNT),are known for their anti-tumor and immune-enhancing properties.Algal polysaccharides are primarily recognized for their antioxidant,moisturizing,and antiviral effects,leading to widespread applications in health products and cosmetics.The review also discusses the future of polysaccharides in drug development and functional foods,providing theoretical support for future research in these areas.

Alkali metal hydrides are a class of typical ionic compounds.Based on the literature,this paper systematically describes the structure,preparation,properties and applications of alkali metal hydrides,highlighting the“structure-properties”relationship.

The 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to David Baker of the University of Washington,USA,and Demis Hassabis and John M.Jamber of DeepMind,UK,for their innovative contributions to computational protein design and protein structure prediction.This paper elucidates the scientific context of this year’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry,with a focused analysis on two award-winning achievements:the computational chemistry principles underlying AlphaFold2’s artificial intelligence model for high-precision prediction of three-dimensional protein structures,and the methodological framework of Rosetta software in de novo protein design.These breakthroughs not only advance research in structural biology,but also pioneer new frontiers for AI applications in scientific exploration,demonstrating transformative potential and broad prospects of artificial intelligence in chemical research.

It’s very important for the freshman that the connection between high school and university can be obtained.Thus,a new course named“Seminar for Freshman”was offered for the freshman.The innovation and practice are discussed with the example of college of chemistry at Nankai University.

The core of“Polymer Physics”course is the relationship between the structure and performance of polymer materials,including hierarchical structure of polymer materials,molecular motion and physical and mechanical properties.In this paper,the bottlenecks of ideological and political teaching in the course of Polymer Physics are analyzed.We put forward a new idea of ideological and political teaching of integrating emergent engineering intellectual education and new era moral education,forming a three-in-one collaborative education strategy of value shaping,knowledge imparting and ability cultivating.In this case,on one hand,theoretical knowledge is consolidated and the knowledge application is strengthened in value shaping,on the other hand,the soul is imperceptibly cast and the ability is enhanced in knowledge imparting,thus cultivating socialist builders and successors who are in line with the socialist core values of all-round development of morality,intelligence,physical beauty and labor.

Chemical Engineering Principle with reduced teaching periods is the compulsory fundamental core course for many non-chemical engineering majors,aiming to train these students to solve the practical engineering problems in unit operations with the learnt theories like transfer theory.As this course contains many equations,concepts,and abstract knowledge,the students are usually confused and uninterested during the study.Faced with these problems,this paper proposes a teaching method for the Chemical Engineering Principle with reduced teaching periods based on subject mind map.Subject mind map can make the scattered and abstract knowledge well structured,systematized and visualized,and thus it is suitable for the teaching of Chemical Engineering Principle with reduced teaching periods.Subject mind map is introduced in the teaching procedures of preview before class,classroom teaching,after-class assignments,and summarization and review for Chemical Engineering Principle with reduced teaching periods.With this teaching method,the learning efficiency and interests of the students increase,which greatly enhances the teaching effect.

The Fehling’s reagent-based titration is a conventional technique used to measure the content of reducing sugars in soft white sugar.This method is characterized by its low cost and the use of simple equipment.Nevertheless,it is important to acknowledge that this approach comes with several drawbacks,including the presence of numerous interfering factors,significant experimental error,and a degree of risk associated with its operation.In this study,modifications were made to the composition and oxidation temperature of Fehling’s reagent-based titration.The product Cu₂O was oxidized to Cu²⁺,and the reducing sugar content was quantitatively analyzed through potentiometric titration.The developed method significantly increased both precision and usability.

Based on adsorption principle in physical chemistry,with the preparation of environmentally friendly water purifier from waste shells and adsorption functional test as the project theme,students learn the principles of physical adsorption online before class.In the class,under the guidance of the teacher,they design and complete experimental projects such as preparation of shell water purifier and adsorption functional test,thereby obtain the equilibrium adsorption capacity and distribution coefficient.The implementation of the project-based teaching helps students cultivate comprehensive abilities such as the ability to solve practical problems,knowledge transfer and application ability,and the ability to experiment and innovate,thus develop students’ disciplinary literacy and highlight the social value of chemistry in the field of environmental governance.

This study introduces an integrated experimental approach employing strand displacement amplification(SDA)technology for the sensitive detection of Mucin 1 glycoprotein.The stability and hybridization efficiency of the designed DNA hairpin structures were predicted using the NUPACK software,and the feasibility of the SDA process was validated through polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.This educational approach,integrating computational simulations with experimental procedures,provides a comprehensive learning platform for students.It facilitates a deep understanding of nucleic acid structural stability,hybridization efficiency,and amplification mechanisms.The methodology is designed to stimulate students’ interests in learning and significantly contributes to the development of their experimental skills and scientific reasoning,preparing them for future challenges in scientific research.

Cassava is the staple food of one billion people worldwide.Today,cases of cassava poisoning still occur frequently.In this paper,the toxicity of cassava was verified by culture of Escherichia coli.Moreover,the hydrocyanic acid responsible for its toxicity from the hydrolysis of cyanogenic glycosides was demonstrated by picric acid detection method.The removal effects of hydrogen peroxide oxidation and baker’s yeast fermentation on the toxicity of cassava were explored.Through this vivid analogy,readers can deeply understand the toxicity principle of cassava.We have also designed an interesting interactive program that allows readers to explore the methods and principles of detoxification of cassava through commonly used kitchen materials,which aims to stimulate readers’ interest in exploring chemistry and enhance teenagers’ passion in learning chemistry.

The relevant scientific researches based on the synthesis and performance characterization of hyperbranched polysiloxane were applied to the“Experiment of University Chemistry”as a comprehensive innovation experiment to guide students to combine theory with practice.Hyperbranched polysiloxane was synthesized by transesterification polycondensation usingγ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propytrimethoxysilaneand diethylene glycol as raw materials.The structure of the synthesized hyperbranched polysiloxane was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Fourier infrared spectroscopy.Then the hyperbranched polysiloxane was added to the epoxy resin to prepare the composites.The tribological properties and wear mechanism were characterized by friction and wear testing machine and field emission scanning electron microscopy.The experiment process is safe,environmentally friendly and easy for students to operate,which can not only help students strengthen their theoretical knowledge of chemistry,but also improve their scientific research practice ability,and help cultivate students’ scientific research interest and innovation ability.

This artide aims to developan innovative undergraduate experiment under the“Dual Carbon”strategy,based on hydrogel-derived thermochromic smart windows from a research project.To accommodate the limited teaching hours,the experimental project simplifies the exploratory process while retaining the essential research framework of the smart window study,including cloud point determination,thickness optimization,and cooling effect evaluation.The experimental content consists of three main parts,including investigating the effect of the concentration of the temperature-sensitive polymer block copolymer L62 on the cloud point of the system,examining the impact of thickness on the solar light transmittance and modulation efficiency of the temperature-sensitive hydrogel,and estimating the cooling effects of the smart windows.This experiment can be conducted in a basic chemistry laboratory and is suitable for most undergraduate students in science and engineering disciplines.It aims to impart the“Dual Carbon”concept of energy saving and emission reduction to students.

Focusing on“Digital Experimental Design of Handheld Technology”,the paper introduces project-based teaching process.Its key tasks include a literature review of digital experiments of handheld technology with Citespace visualization,understanding the theory of digital experiment of handheld technology,and learning classic cases and designing experiments.This paper presents the design ideas of project-based teaching and the practice process of the course“Chemistry Experiments Design and Teaching in Middle-School”.

It is challenging to effectively integrate theoretical knowledge with practical problems and translate knowledge into applicable skills,which often poses a significant obstacle that hinders students’ interest and motivation in the learning process.Taking China’s achievements in manned space as the background,this article adopts“the influence of pressure on gas solubility”as the starting point for teaching.To integrate altitude decompression sickness(ADS),gas solubility,and manned space seamlessly from the interdisciplinary perspective.With the objective of“learn to apply,integrate knowledge with action”,students are guided to analyze the pathogenesis and treatments of ADS from an integration“chemical-medico-engineering”standpoint.Furthermore,analysis the significance of atmospheric pressure systems in manned spacecraft for preventing ADS.Our teaching practice has demonstrated that this strategy not only stimulating students’ interest and motivation towards learning,but also cultivating their interdisciplinary problem-thinking and solving skills.Moreover,it helped students achieve the transfer of theoretical knowledge to practical skills,yielding favorable teaching effects.

This study conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with eight science and engineering graduate students in chemistry at a provincial normal university.The findings reveal that the scientific identity of science and engineering graduate students is diverse and influenced by both internal and external factors over time.Scientific practice in daily life serves as a crucial source for the development of their scientific identity.Social recognition from mentors,peers,and family can enhance their scientific identity.But, for individuals with low self-identity,social recognition may exacerbate the misalignment between self-efficacy and external expectations, ultimately weakening their scientific identity.For most students,the formation of scientific identity is a passive process,driven more by employment demands than intrinsic interest when making career choices.In a collectivist culture,scientists are often portrayed as a professional group with lofty status,sacred qualities,and exceptional talent,which creates a sense of unattainable admiration and hinders the development of students’ scientific identity.

In the experimental class of Fourier transform infrared spectrometer testing,students only focus on the experimental test results and do not care about how the experimental results are obtained,resulting in incomplete and weak understanding of the instrument structure and working principle.In addition,in order to prevent moisture and laser damage to the human eye,the optical platform is encapsulated,making it difficult for students to understand the internal structure and working principle of the instrument,which affects the effectiveness of experimental teaching.In order to apply what is learned and improve the quality of experimental teaching.A virtual simulation experiment teaching platform for Fourier transform infrared spectrometer was designed and developed based on Unity3D,Matlab,and JavaWeb.Students can demonstrate the testing process and learn the working principle of the instrument online on this platform.The use of this platform not only enriches the means and evaluation system of Fourier transform infrared spectrometer testing experiment teaching,but also effectively stimulates students’ innovative thinking.

Based on logical analysis,contradictions in radical polymerization kinetics based on steady-state assumption are pointed out and demonstrated.The cause of these contradictions are revealed.A novel approach is developed with new equations being derived.The novel approach rectified the existing approach,and eliminated the contradictions,with supporting evidence from literature being found.Analysis shows that it is incorrect to consider initiator concentration as an independent variable that affects the rate of radical polymerization during the steady-state.It is also incorrect to consider the rate of polymerization as proportional to the half power of initiator concentration,and the termination rate constant and the initiator efficiency both as constants during the steady-state.It should be revised to state that initiator concentration is not an independent variable that affects the rate of radical polymerization during the steady-state,although it has significant influences on the apparent rate constant of radical polymerization.And it should be revised to state also that the rate of polymerization is proportional to the half power of the initial concentration of initiator,and both the termination rate constant and the initiator efficiency decrease during the steady-state.If introduced into teaching,it will support the implementation of a multi-objective teaching and learning,and have the student’s quality being improved in an all-round way,while correcting errors in textbooks and imparting correct knowledge.

In 1817,the Swedish chemist Berzelius found an unknown substance in pyrite,realized that it was a new element,and proposed the concept of selenium in 1818,so far,the concept of selenium based on macro characterization was formed.In 1826,Berzelius measured the atomic weight of selenium more accurately for the first time,which made the concept of selenium from macro to micro characterization,provided new connotations to the concept of selenium element.At the beginning of the 20th century,the discovery of selenium isotope made people have a new understanding of the connotation of selenium.In short,the discovery of selenium and the development of its concept are inseparable from the creative intuitive thinking of scientists,the scientific attitude of daring to explore and the power of scientific action to persistently pursue the truth.