Life systems are mainly composed of carbon-hydrogen based non-metal elements in earth environment. However, metal elements, which exist more widely in both abundance and diversity, are rarely used by the life systems with extremely low contents. More interestingly, those metal elements not existing in biological systems are of negative functions or toxicity in general. This paper is trying to analyze several related questions and the corresponding reasons with the metal elements utilized in biological systems. Additionally, the biological functions and the selective principles are also summarized in order to contribute to the bioinorganic and bioorganic chemistry teaching and researches.

In this paper the chemical reactions of various kinds of organic compounds, including alkenes, alkynes, alkyl benzenes, alkyl halides, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, acid derivatives, β-dicarbonyl compounds, amines and diazonium salts, are summarized systematically in a graphical way. This work makes the organic chemistry knowledge systemized and is convenient for students to form a clear knowledge system.

The teaching of basic inorganic chemistry for freshman is related to students' learning interests in chemistry and teaching effect. Practice of freshman's lecture on basic inorganic chemistry is beneficial to broaden students' horizons and improve learning interests in chemistry.

This paper introduced the application of PBL teaching method in the summary of non-metal elements,summarized the problem design and student's feed back,and discussed the role of teacher in PBL teaching.

According to the problems existing in the exam mode of physical chemistry of application-oriented university, this paper constructed a new exam mode by combining process-oriented examination with summative examination. The practice results showed that the examination reform of physical chemistry course could obviously improve students' examination results of chemistry major compared with different majors or different grades, which also motivated students' learning interests, aroused students' learning positivity and initiative, and promoted the professional quality.

Combining many years of teaching practice and characteristics of physical chemistry,this paper put foward some suggestions to improve the quality and effect of classroom teaching.These suggestions included emphasizing the first introductory lesson,increasing interest of teaching lontents,organically combining blackboard writing and multimedia technology and enhancing communication with students.

This paper introduced a comprehensive experiment including preparation, quantitative determination of composition and photochemical properties test of K₃[Fe(C₂O₄)₃]·3H₂O by reforming traditional experiment. This comprehensive experiment was planned for 12 class hours. In the experimental operation, this experiment involved the preparation of coordination compound, vacuum filtration, crystallization by evaporation condensation, gravimetric analysis, redox titration, ion charge determination by conductivity method, etc. This experiment involved a large number of reaction types, such as precipitation, dissolution, oxidation reduction, coordination and photo induced discoloration. This experiment needed only basic experiment equipment and could be easily applied in practical teaching. Teaching practice showed that the experiment could stimulate students' initiative think, expand students' thinking span and depth, and achieved good teaching results.

During biodiesel preparation via alkaline catalyst, water washing method was used to remove the impurities in the ester layer and the introduction of water leading to a stable emulsion formation. How to destroy the emulsion quickly and effectively becomes the difficulty of water washing process. Different demulsification methods,such as heating, high speed centrifugation, addition of saturated salt solution and addition of hydrochloric acid solution were evaluated. The experimental class of "the formation, types and damage of emulsion" takes the water washing process of crude biodiesel as an example not only can help students fully understand the formation reasons and types of emulsion, demulsification methods and the corresponding mechanism but also can enhance the activity of students and improve the theory teaching quality because of the great interests shown by students for biodiesel.

To train college students' experiment ability, this paper took "iodine extracted into carbon tetrachloride from its aqueous solution" as teaching content of liquid-liquid extraction, and added "carbon tetrachloride recovery experiment" and "determination of iodine contents in iodine water" to expand the teaching contents. The teaching practice showed that the restructured "liquid-liquid extraction" project could enhance the interesting and comprehensiveness, increase students' classroom training opportunities, cultivate students' literacy of chemistry experiment, and improve their environmental protection consciousness and self-inquiry learning spirit.

The team cooperation mode was applied in the teaching of design experiment of instrumental analysis. During the teaching course, the selection of subjects, the formulation of experimental program, the implementation and summary of experiment were all completed by students with division of labor and cooperation. The teaching practice showed that this teaching mode was helpful to improve the students' subjective initiative, team cooperation consciousness and interpersonal skills.

Classification and comparison teaching methods were applied to the experiments of elements properties.The label steps were adopted in the experimental procedures, by which students not only could improve memorizing effect and learning interests but also could finish the experiments in a clear goal. The practices results showed that classification and comparison teaching methods benefitted the students to grasp the theoretical knowledge, and the teaching process gained a satisfactory effect.

This paper concentrated on pre-service teachers' argumentation in the curriculum of chemistry didactics experiment and developed argumentation questions and the evaluation rules based on the fountain experiments. The results revealed problems existing in pre-service teachers' arguments, including insufficient reasons to support their views, lack of strict logical reasoning, ignoring preconditions or specific background, and using less system analysis.These findings can provide a reference for improving the ability of scientific argumentation of pre-service teachers.

This paper introduced the application of special subject review based on element concept in organic chemistry teaching in higher vocational education. The teaching process included five parts such as problems, introduction, discussion, summary and sublimation of special subject. The results showed that the effect was good, and it could make students establish chemical concepts and effectively improve their chemical literacy.

As professional basic course for nursing specialty, chemistry has a positive effect on the study of nursing knowledge in chemical humanities quality, chemical operation technology and chemical theory knowledge. The research showed that chemical professional quality, operating skills and chemical basic skills could have help and inspiration to nursing profession. Chemical operation technique is the basis of nursing operation technique. The storage of medical drugs and incompatibility are bound up with chemical properties of drugs. Some pathological phenomena are based on the knowledge of chemical equilibria. The updating of drugs is often the result of the chemical structure modification of drugs, and spatial heterogeneous of drugs is one of the factors affecting drug efficacy. Deeply investigating the intrinsic link between chemistry and medical science and cultivating students' understanding of nursing from chemical perspectives, had positive effect on promoting the nursing students' professional study.

By a series of reform measures of optimizing the experimental project, selecting the experimental contents, green materials, solvents and catalysts, promoting the micro or semi-micro experiments, increasing the comprehensive and designable experiments, introducing the new technology, new process and simulation experiments, strengthening the management of the laboratory, reforming the examination pattern, the green teaching in fine chemical experiments was realized, and three wastes pollution in the experiments was reduced. Moreover, the students' awareness of environmental protection was enhanced, the enthusiasm and initiative of the students was mobilized, the creative thinking of the students was trained,and the employment competitiveness was improved at the same time.

Based on the requirements for materials chemistry postgraduates in today's society,FAT·CDIO engineering mode was proposed in this paper. Referencing the quite popular engineering teaching philosophy of CDIO principles, we also constructed the chemistry curriculum knowledge system and implementation methods. The mode aimed at not only improving students' level of technology and foreign language communication skills, but also inspiring their artistic creativity. The construction of the mode could provide a new idea for cultivating the innovative engineering postgraduates.

The purpose of this study was to investigate discipline values of pre-service chemistry teachers. The sample consisted of 387 chemistry college students from grade one to grade four of a key normal university in Zhejiang province. Students' discipline values of chemistry were surveyed, and subscale scores were produced on three dimensions:positive social values, negative social values, and personal values of chemistry. The findings indicated that students' discipline values of chemistry were excellent in general, but there were some differences in three dimensions. Except negative social values, female students' discipline values of chemistry were better than their male counterparts. There was statistically significant difference in grade. Freshman was best, senior was better, sophomore and junior were worst in all. Implications of the study for pre-service teacher education were discussed.

Awarding to her contribution for discovery of novel antimalarial drug-arteannuin, researcher Tu Youyou becomes the first Chinese home-grown Nobel Prize laureate in natural science at year of 2015. This paper reviewed the development of arteannuin as a highly effective antimalarial medicine, and briefly summarized the discovery history and current research status of arteannuin derivatives as well.

The chemical equivalence and magnetic equivalence of prontons in ¹H NMR spectroscopy were studied. Their significances and quite simple determinate methods were introduced, and some ignored problems in teaching were put forward by concrete examples.

This paper pointed out the mistake when balance chemical equations containing chemical formula with dot in current college chemistry textbooks, analyzed the reasons of problems and gave correct expressions.