Starting from the discovery of aluminium element, this paper introduces the irreplaceable roles in industrial manufacturing and daily life, and discusses the biological toxicity of aluminum compounds. With the development of nanotechnology, aluminum nanostructures hold promise as a substantial surface plasmonic materials with great potential commercialization. This paper summarizes the recent development of synthesis of aluminum nanoparticles and their applications for surface plasmonic printing and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

Based on senior high school level knowledge, this paper introduces the development and the basic principles of electron microscopy followed by cases in scientific research to illustrate the applications of electron microscopy in nanoscience Furthermore, remarks on future prospect of electron microscopy are given

The design of experimental inquiry of Malta's chemistry syllabus is characteristic, employing the combination of "list of experiments" and "investigative (problem solving) practical sessions" to construct senior high school chemistry curriculum. This paper analyzed Malta's senior high school chemistry curriculum, and focused on the idea of solving chemical problems by experimental inquiry.

Scientific spirit is one of the important contents of the core literacy of Chinese students, and different teaching materials reflect different scientific spirit. From the three aspects of rational thinking, critical questioning and courage to explore, this paper compared and analyzed the contents of "atom" in Chinese and American junior high school chemistry textbooks, in order to provide suggestions for teachers to make two processing of teaching content.

This paper analyzed the content structure, the knowledge structure, the setting of the experiment and the inquiry activity of metal-related knowledge in Chinese and Russian junior high school chemistry textbooks, and gave the reflections and suggestions on textbook of our country.

This paper used Rasch model to measure senior two students' understanding of "chemical bonds" concept, used Conquest and Winsteps software to analyze the test results. The results showed that the test based on Rasch model could effectively assess students' understanding of "chemical bonds" concept, providing learning status for the effective teaching of front-line teachers.

In the teaching practice of halogenated hydrocarbons, we selected 1-bromopropane as the representative substance. According to the chemical bond theory, we combined with cognitive model, and some experiments to explore the innovative design of classroom teaching. This method could not only greatly make up for the deficiency of teaching by following the textbook, but also break through the teaching difficulties (halogenated hydrocarbon elimination reaction principle) Besides, our innovative design well cultivated students' subject core literacy such as "macro identification and microcosmic analysis" "evidence reasoning and model recognition" "scientific inquiry and innovation consciousness" "scientific attitude and social responsibility".

This paper introduced the teaching design idea of the course "the influence of temperature and pressure on chemical equilibrium" It mainly showed that how to use abundant experimental materials to help students establish the influence law of temperature and pressure It mainly involved two links (1) Through discussing the changing process of three different balance systems in ice water and hot water bath, the teacher guided the students to break the misconception of temperature condition and establish scientific laws (2)Through analyzing the characteristics of pressure change in the process of steam-water balance and NO₂ balance movement represented by hand-held technology, teachers guided students to establish the influence law of pressure.

Aiming at the problems of the traditional teaching process of "silicon dioxide and information materials" such as the lack of appropriate experimental inquiry activities, the weak attraction of teaching situational materials to students, and the lack of in-depth analysis of the reaction principle of high-purity silicon preparation, the corresponding teaching improvement had been performed by creating of real and valuable scenarios, like "cell phone chip" and designing experimental research activities such as the "reaction of nano silicon dioxide and sodium hydroxide solution". A series of measures should be designed to help students deeply understand the principle of high purity silicon preparation, and a series of corresponding teaching improvements should be made On this basis, teaching practice were carried out.

Based on the chemistry discipline core literacy and POGIL teaching mode, taking the "Experimental Scheme Design of Exploring the Reductibility of Anthocyanin" as a teaching case, this paper presented the process of development and implement of experiment teaching based on POGIL, and analyzed the effectiveness of POGIL teaching mode.

This paper pointed out a design of learning activities to promote the growing of the development for organic chemistry literacy by taking the review of "synthetic polymer" for instance. By introducing the eye drops and taking the design of their main components as the problem situation, the learning activities improved the students' understanding to the synthetic method and route design, chain unit, degree of polymerization, application for polymer, and so on.

Three exercises were designed based on the history of molecular structural modification of artemisinin, salicylic acid and aspirin. This paper analyzed the value of the exercises that promote students' "macro and microscopic identification" "creative thinking" "model cognition" and "scientific attitude and social responsibility" of chemical core literacy development and discussed the concrete performance of key ability corresponding to the accomplishment of the chemical literacy.

This paper built the model of writing proton conservation expression, combined with examples, illustrated that this model could successfully solve the problems about proton conservation.

This paper reviews oversea theoretical and empirical studies on science teachers' beliefs, with the former focusing on the definitions and frameworks on beliefs, and the latter on the assessment of beliefs and the relationship between beliefs and practice. Accordingly, it also provides relevant implications for chemistry teacher education, including research on chemistry teachers' beliefs and their professional development.

This paper counted the verbs in Chemistry Subject Knowledge and Teaching Ability (Senior High School) Examination Syllabus for teacher qualification by principle of directivity, topicality and transformability. The results showed that there were 41 verbs, and the word frequency was 96 times. According to behavioral verb, psychological verb, state verb and willingness verb, the verbs were classified and counted. The results showed that the proportion of psychological verbs was too high, the proportion of behavioral verbs was low, and the number and frequency of state verbs and willingness verbs in exam content module and requirement were low.

The method of determination of vitamin B₁₂ in tablets was established by using two smart phones and the related apps "RGB palette"and "phyphox".The concentration of vitamin B₁₂ could be measured through the light intensity and calculated the corresponding value of absorbance which could draw the calibration curve, the calibration curve was linear within the range of 4.0~96.0 μg/mL for vitamin B₁₂.This method was simple and quick, which could be applied to the determination of vitamin B₁₂ in pharmaceuticals.

This paper used the sensor to explore the influence of concentration, temperature, ion complexation on the color of copper chloride solution. During these experiments, students knew more about the change of ions in solution, and their inquiry ability was cultivated.

This paper used the rubber plug with a hole as the container, fixing anion and cation exchange membranes, and then made the electrolytic cell with 3 electrodes. One or two ion exchange membranes could be selectively used for electrolysis operation. It had the advantages of low price, easy operation and green, making up the lack of membrane electrolysis experiment in high school textbook.

This paper introduced the application of the microscale ventilation cabinet in treatment of toxic gases, making the reaction involving toxic gases more green.

Sulfur can react with metal, nonmetal, strong alkali and strong oxidizing acids and show a certain level of oxidbillity and reducibility. Copper oxide is a kind of metallic oxide with strong oxidation. Under certain conditions, the reaction between sulfur and copper oxide can generate cuprous oxide and sulfur dioxide. When cuprous oxide reacts with sulfur vapor at high temperature, cuprous sulfide and sulfur dioxide can be produced.

The inter flame, outer flame and flame core of flame is the content of grade 9 chemistry textbook, but there is no clearly unified standard for the division of flame. So this paper used literature research and experimental method to summarize several methods of flame division, such as observation method, qualitative inquiry method, quantitative inquiry method (hand-held instrument contact thermometry and non-contact colorimetric thermometry) and spectral analysis method, which aimed to enrich the research content of flame division, and provided reference for scientific and effective flame inquiry experiment.