Hotness, is one of the most indispensable flavors in our daily life. It is one kind sensation of burning pain that is elicited when our sensory neurons in the mouth are activated by pungent ingredients. This article summarized the common pungent ingredients that cause the hotness, and detailed their structures, origins, and medicinal activities. It is hoped that the present paper can help non-specialists to understand pungent chemistry, and provide more information for the exploration and application of pungent ingredients.

2,5-Dihydrooxepine compounds are common structural motifs in natural products and bioactive molecules. The efficient synthesis of 2,5-dihydrooxepines has attracted wide attention from organic chemists. Compared with five- and six-membered cyclic compounds, the synthesis of 2,5-dihydrooxepines is more challenging. In this paper, we have reviewed the synthetic methods for 2,5-dihydrooxepines by ring-closing metathesis, transition metal catalysis, retro-Claisen rearrangement, and some other methods.

According to the problems existing in the exam mode of physical chemistry, this paper guided by the educational concept of outcome-oriented, based on the Chaoxing learning platform with comprehensive utilization of the online and offline teaching resources. Then a diversified exam mode of physical chemistry course in application-oriented university was constructed by combining process-oriented evaluation with result evaluation. The examination reform of physical chemistry course has been practiced in undergraduate major. An effective way of reform with professional characteristics has been explored.

Based on the construction of new engineering in China, it’s imperative for teachertodesign well-defined introduction of the core basic course. In this paper, the University Chemistry has been selected as a typical example. A short history of chemistry, the summarizes of the Nobel Prizes in Chemistry, the branch of chemistry, the application of chemistry in life, the special stories of Chinese chemist and the requirements of this course have also been well-defined designed for first chapter (introduction) of the University Chemistry. The enthralling introduction can not only stimulate students to learn chemistry, but also foster their capability ofcreative solving problem in chemistry. It’s also contributed to students’ knowledge, beliefs and feelings about nations and country.

Based on Rain Classroom and application of modern information technology, “PAD Class”concept and mode has been introduced in the teaching ofchemical engineering foundation. This paper brings forth the implementing steps for“PAD Class”, and probes into the advantages through further analysis and comparison in the light of fluid-flow teaching in class as the case. The result shows that with the help of“PAD Class”teaching mode, students possess more interests and motivation in learning and mastering knowledge of chemical engineering foundation, which is helpful to make active effects on their comprehensive capacity and follow-up practice in production.

A series of experimental teaching was designedbased on controlled radical polymerization, including monomer and initiator purification, RAFT reagent synthesis, RAFT and ATRP polymerization of different monomers, RAFT polymerization to prepare block polymers, ATRP preparation of block polymers and so on. These experiments are interlocking and mutually supportive, and have obvious comparative effect. This attempt effectively improves and expands the free radical polymerization part of conventional polymer synthesis course, effectively stimulates the initiative of students, and improves their ability to analyze and solve problems.

A new teaching mode combining inquiry-based learning and journal-style lab reports has been introduced in the physical chemistry laboratory course to fulfill its changing objective from experimental skills to scientific thinking. The new mode enabled students to experience the process of knowledge creation, express professionally the results of their inquiry activities and communicate with others as experts, facilitating the development of students’ scientific thinking and innovative consciousness. In addition, the new mode emphasized the experimental origins of knowledge, which was beneficial for students inspiring knowledge integration, transfer, and even creation.

In this paper, the template-induced deposition of organic compounds is taken as an example to introduce the application of Monte Carlo simulation in molecular simulation course. The template-induced deposition and the Monte Carlo method are systematically integrated into the teaching experiment. While learning the Monte Carlo simulation method, students can understand the influence of the interaction between molecules on the aggregation morphology of organic molecules more intuitively, and deepen students’ understanding of the concept of self-assembly of organic molecules. The students can also have a preliminary understanding of the use of DEV-C++ and RasMol, and get an in-depth understanding of structural chemistry and computational chemistry in the simulation.

Fluphenicol, an amido alcohol antibiotic, has been widely used in veterinary practice due to its advantages of broad antibacterial spectrum, low dosage, low bacterial resistance and low toxicity. Quantitive proton nuclear magnetic resonance method for quantitative analysis of fluorbenicol and acetaminophenol was established by using paranitrotoluene as internal standard and single peak methyl signal as quantitative signal peak. The method was convenient and suitable for the quality control analysis of fluphenicol. Through this experiment, the students had a deeper understanding of the NMR spectrum, and cultivated the students’ ability to apply what they have learned, combine theory with practice and solve practical problems.

By means of Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O and 2-methylimidazole as starting materials, the well-known SOD-type compound of [Zn(2-mim)₂] was obtained via rapid agitation approach in methanol under atmosphere. The compound was initially confirmed by the powder X-ray diffraction patterns, followed by thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectrum and a series of gas sorption isotherms. The experiment covers MOF synthesis, single crystal structural description and topological analysis, material’s stability and functional groups analysis as well as the investigations on gas adsorption and separation properties. Moreover, the experiment takes only two days, deserving to be introduced into undergraduates’ comprehensive experimental class.

Based on the PCK measurement tool developed by Eriksson College in the United States, 37 full-time masters of chemistry education (FMOCE) were surveyed to answer 9 open-ended questions after watching a teaching full fragments about the concept of ionization in the first class of ionic reaction. The survey results showed that the overall PCK level and every dimension level of FMOCE was at “basic” stage, with the best performance in the knowledge of teaching content, and the slightly worse in the knowledge of student and the knowledge of teaching strategy, and the performance in the ability activities such as grasping the conceptual relationship and adjusting teaching strategies needed to be developed. In response to the study’s findings, combined with the professional attributes and the problems in the FMOCE training process, we put forward 3 suggestions: constructing “teacher professional learning community” to intervene the improvement of PCK structure of FMOCE; relying on the situation function in teaching cases to help FMOCE to construct the depth of PCK; carrying out teaching practice through research reflection to promote the PCK upward spiral.

Guided by the talent cultivation mode of modern apprenticeship of the Ministry of Education, several key elements of modern apprenticeship will be discussed. Through analyzing and summarizing the growth laws of technology and technical talents in chemical industry, we formed the education mechanism of school and enterprise, constructing talent cultivation plans and course system highlighting the integration of industry and education with the characteristics of chemical industry, and exploring the ways for enterprises to participate in the talent training of vocational education. Meanwhile, this research provides a constructive plan for further cooperation between schools and enterprises in chemical industry. This paper puts forward the optimization of the industrial layout of the pilot enterprises of the combination of production and education, strengthening incentive and instructive measures. In addition, it suggests that the department of the safety and administration in the chemical sector should improve the relevant policies and regulations, and establish the safety standards that students in chemical industry should have before they go deeply into the practical activities of enterprises. At the same time, this paper also promotes to cultivate talents in the chemical industry.

In order to cultivate students’ scientific spirit, innovative consciousness, humanistic spirit, honest and friendly professional ethics and cultural self-confidence spirit, the strategies of how to explore the fusion point is systematically discussed in the following 6 aspects in this article, such as the development history of biochemistry course, our country’s innovative contributions in biochemistry, the course of biochemical metabolic reaction, the links between biochemical knowledge and daily life, the biologists’ stories and biochemistry-related hot social events, and good results have been achieved. Probably, these strategies can also provide reference for the ideological and political construction of biochemistry courses of other colleagues.

This paper emphatically analyzed the positive and negative influences of language transfer on Professional English acquisition, and proposed how to make a better use of language positive transfer and avoid language negative transfer in professional English teaching for Materials and Chemical Engineering. The concrete methods of the teaching and learning were offered to promote professional English learning and teaching work.

In this paper, we took the calculation of theoretical plate number as an example to introduce the application of computer-aided calculation in the course of chemical engineering principles. First, a distillation tower with known plate number was used to verify the correctness of the program. Then, an industrial case was used to introduce the application of this method in actual production. In order to cultivate students’ spirit of exploration, the influence of changing parameters on the number of theoretical plates was discussed, and the reasons were analyzed finally. When the reflux ratio decreases, the number of theoretical plates increases, which is mainly caused by the increase of the number of plates in the rectification section. When the reflux ratio decreases at small intervals, the theoretical plate number increases in a zigzag manner, which is caused by the zigzag change in the number of plates in the stripping section. Further analysis revealed that the zigzag change of theoretical plate number was resulted from the variation of liquid phase composition in the first plate of the stripping section.

To solve the problems existing in the chemistry literature retrieval teaching, a teaching reform proposal based on Rain class and Aalborg PBL mode was designed, which was further implemented in the pharmaceutical engineering major in Xuchang University. The effectiveness of teaching reform was tested by process assessment and questionnaire survey. The results showed that the students’ chemical information retrieval ability, learning interests and learning efficiency were significantly improved. 92.5% of the students were satisfied with the new teaching model.

With the help of professional software, data processing system would gradually replace the traditional manual calculation process in college experimental teaching. In this paper, a kind of data processing system was introduced about its development and application process and its usage in the course of chemical oceanography experiment. The system was written in R language and visualized in Java language so it can quickly obtain the final experimental results and monitor the intermediate process. At the same time, teachers can check the reliability and accuracy of students’ experimental data in their class. The successful designing and application of the system can effectively improve the teaching efficiency.

Based on one basic electrochemical experiment in physical chemistry, measurements of ion transference number and ion mobility by using moving boundary method, we discussed (1) the expressions for ion transference number of H⁺; (2) the ion transference numbers of Cd²⁺ and Cl^－; (3) the uniform linear motions of the ions with constant current; (4) the solutions to obtain the potential gradients of H⁺ and Cd²⁺; (5) the linear relationship between molar conductivity and ion mobility; (6) the electrochemical reactions in the experiment, etc. In order to analyze all the above concepts and relations, we did three experiments at different conditions and examined all the ideas carefully, especially the first four items. In the end, all the ideas were well explained. Our work is helpful to integrate the fragmental concepts and the knowledge of multiple disciplines such as chemistry and physics, which is also helpful to optimize the knowledge system based upon real problems and to improve the core ability of the students in chemistry in the end.

The basic thermodynamic equation of dG=-SdT+Vdp was deduced from the first law of thermodynamics and the second law of thermodynamics. The application conditions of dG=-SdT+Vdp was discussed in detail from simple pVT transformation, phase transformation and chemical change. One by one examples, analysis and detailed solution were applied to explore the application of the formula conditions and draw the corresponding conclusions. It will provide some new ideas for students in application of the basic thermodynamic equation.

In terms of the theory of oxidation and reduction reactions involving electron transfer, the method of total electrons conversation in the whole process was put forward and applied to calculate the result of complex redox titration. Firstly, write the unbalanced chemical reaction equations. Then, identify all the oxidants and reductants in the whole titration process and analyze their oxidation number. Finally, write the equation that the total number of electrons gained equals to that of lost, and take the data into equation. Due to the unbalanced the reaction equations, the method can shorten the calculation time and reduce the probability of making mistakes. It also helps students to understand and master the quantitative basis of redox titration, the conservation of total electrons.

Combination with current situation in China, the safety management of chemical lab in UC-San Diego is introduced, including the laboratory safety management system, the system of admittance to laboratory, the developing of awareness of safety, the security watch, the operation of dangerous reagents, the treatment of waste, and the laboratory layout, which can provide a reference to improve our ability of laboratory safety management.