The discovery that alkali metals can form anions has a history of decades, but it was not until 1974 that it regained more attention. This paper focuses on the research progress of alkali metal anions and expounds the research process of alkali metal anions and the possible future development of alkali metal anions from the aspects of the generation of innovative ideas, innovative research methods and scientific research achievements.

To construct the top-class undergraduate course of “fundamentals of modern chemistry:inorganic chemistry and chemical analysis”, we explored the the integration of curriculum ideological and political education system in view of “problem orientation, joint construction by teachers and students, and space-time extension”, enriched and expanded the online and offline teaching resources, created a three-dimensional and high-level teaching mode, and innovated the diversified assessment mechanism of the whole process. The goal of quality education and innovative talent training has been achieved by the above efforts.

In order to keep up with the pace of the modern education under the background of the new era, this paper explores ways to effectively integrating basic knowledge and frontier scientific research to produce synergistic benefits according to the characteristics of polymer chemistry and physics course, as well as taking “moral cultivation” as the premise, which is based on the “particularity” of the polymer discipline in our country. It can not only improve students' interests in learning and guide students to combine theory with practice, but also importantly improve students' practical innovation ability, which will build a strong basis for them to become innovative talents in the future.

General education has played an increasingly important role in higher education, and to set up new general education courses has also become a research hotspot in the teaching reform of colleges and universities. We have offered a new elective course“The Beauty of Photochemistry in High Technology”in Beijing University of Chemical Technology for all the junior students of all majors. The course is based on the development of modern photochemical technology. It mainly adopts the short video of technology inserted in PPT, on-site experiments and physical display as the main teaching methods. Combined with aesthetic education, it not only broadens students' horizons and improves students' scientific literacy, but also cultivates and develops the interests and curiosity of students, so that students can have a deeper understanding and love of the beauty of technology, and will be inspired to further discover and create a better world in the future.

In order to improve the participation of learning and the cultivation of high-level ability in inorganic element chemistry teaching, taking “chromium and its compounds” as an example, the teaching design and practice of inorganic element chemistry were carried out by applying the BOPPPS model through the teaching strategies of visualization, teaching content reconstruction, and knowledge network construction. The results show that not only students have a good grasp of knowledge in class, but also students' ability of knowledge transfer and to solve comprehensive problems have also been improved. The teaching practice provides an operable case for the teaching reform of elemental chemistry, and also provides a valuable reference for giving better play to the effectiveness of BOPPPS teaching model.

The preparation of benzocaine is an important organic experiment in teaching laboratory for college students. Currently, the general experimental plan is esterifying para-nitrobenzoic acid with ethanol in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid, following by the reduction of ethyl nitrobenzoate with iron powder and hydrochloric acid, to afford the benzocaine product. In this paper, the technologies of ultrasonic assisted synthesis andbiocatalysiswere introduced into the steps of esterification and the reduction of nitro group, respectively, which allowed the reactions could be conducted under mild and environmentally friendly conditions. This new experimental program successfully avoided the use of highly corrosive sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, as well as the generation environmental unfriendly by-products, by applying the concept of biocatalysis into the fundamentally experimental training, leading to a teaching experiment with distinguished advantages on operational safety and green synthesis.

Focusing on the forefront of the subject, combined with teachers' scientific research achievements, the existing experiments were improved, and a green innovative experiment was designed: the synthesis of 2-p-toluenesulfonyl acetophenone. Based on the concept of green chemistry, this experiment introduces the photocatalytic synthesis technology, uses non-toxic and recyclable catalyst, green and environmental protection raw materials, and synthesizes the product under clean and renewable sunlight. In addition, the effects of light source, catalyst dosage, reaction solvent and reaction time on the yield were also discussed. The experiment has the advantages of green energy saving and environmental protection, mild reaction conditions, recyclable catalyst and cutting-edge novelty, which not only improves students' experimental skills, comprehensive abilities and awareness of environmental protection, but also stimulates students' interests in scientific research and innovative thinking.

This study designed the chemistry PCK questionnaire to test the development of PCK component level of 204 chemistry preservice teachers before and after the intervention of LBCD curriculum mode, as well as to test the reliability and validity of the questionnaire and the rationality of the PCK five component model proposed by Magnusson et al. The results show that: (1) The questionnaire has good reliability and validity; (2) The PCK five component mode has rationality; (3) LBCD curriculum mode has a statistically significant effect on the development of PCK components of chemistry preservice teachers, while the development of each component is uneven. Finally, some suggestions are put forward for the measure and component definition of PCK, as well as for chemistry teacher education, such as applying the LBCD curriculum mode to different groups of teachers, and quantitatively testing the PCK component model proposed by other scholars with reference to the method of this study.

The College of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal University adheres to the principle of “based on basic”, and has carried out a practical exploration of teaching reform in response to the problems existing in the current classroom teaching of “chemical experimental teaching research”. The whole idea of the reform is to aim at “one consolidation and two enhancements”, that is, to consolidate the operational skills of normal students' experiments, improve the experimental teaching ability and experimental innovation ability of normal students, and build a classroom teaching with “seven special training tasks” as the core. The strategies such as teaching design training based on plate-task method, demonstration and explanation training based on model cognition, experimental inquiry guidance training based on simulation teaching, experimental teaching evaluation training based on literacy performance, experimental innovation ability training based on innovation perspective, and reflection training based on professional development has carried out during the classroom teaching reform. The effect is quite satisfactory. The ability of normal students has been developed.

The solubility of organic compounds has great application values in new drug development and detective or analytical areas such as medicine, pharmacy, agriculture, or industry. However, related descriptions in the undergraduate textbooks of chemistry are pretty vague and superficial, which leads to deficiency of related knowledge for students. Base on this situation, this manuscript clarifies the relationship of different definitions related to solubility combining their use in areas such as new drug development, illustrates the mechanism for the process of solubilization, and discusses strategies to improve water solubility by chemical modification. The equations for the calculation of water solubility by partition coefficient and melting point are put forward, which indicate the possibility of concurrently increase of both water solubility and lipid solubility. Also, the addition or removal of hydrogen bonding can be used in the improvement of water solubility. Furthermore, disruption of molecular planarity is another new strategy to increase water solubility. It is hoped to promote the connection between theory teaching and practical applications, and expand the understanding of related knowledge for teachers and students.

This paper expounds the construction idea and implementation process of “virtual simulation experiment project of extraction, preparation, analysis and efficacy of oxymatrine” from the aspects of design concept, teaching objectives, project content, teaching methods and evaluation methods. The teaching practice shows that with the help of the teaching mode of “online and offline, virtual and real combination and comprehensive evaluation”, the virtual simulation experiment can realize the trinity of “knowledge transfer, ability training and value shaping”, effectively improve the students' practical ability, and provide teaching resources and methods for the training of applied pharmaceutical talents in similar domestic colleges and universities.

Based on out-come based education, the blended teaching mode was explored in the teaching of food chemistry, and the systematic teaching design was carried out from the aspects of course objectives formulation, teaching content optimization, course resource construction, course assessment, degree of achievement of course objectives. Taking the section of Maillard reaction for example, this paper introduced the teaching process of blended teaching, and analyzed the effect of the reform. The practice results show that the blended teaching mode based on OBE is beneficial to promote students' mastery of knowledge and comprehensive ability, which achieves good teaching results.

In project-based teaching, the design and implementation of driving questions is the key to ensure the efficient operation of project-based learning. This project takes the real situation of life pain point “clothes stained when dark clothes are washed with light ones together”, carries out the design and implementation strategy research of driving problems, carries out the reflection and redesign research of driving questions based on the achievement of experimental teaching objectives, and makes innovative reform attempts on the experimental teaching of light chemical engineering specialty, in order to break through the drawbacks of traditional confirmatory experimental teaching.

In order to solve the problem of difficulty in selecting courses for instrumental analysis experiments, the School of Environmental Science of Nankai University has independently set up a laboratory course on instrumental analysis for graduate students. Based on the professional characteristics of environmental disciplines and the problems encountered in the daily testing of large-scale instrumental platforms, the teaching system of postgraduate instrument analysis experiments is customized and integrated with innovative teaching methods, aiming to cultivate the practical hands-on ability and application innovative ability of the postgraduate students, and to lay the foundation for the subsequent professional research work. The years of practical teaching reform shows that the postgraduate instrumental analysis experimental course offered by the college are not only help to improve the professional and technical level of our faculty and students, but also promote the overall development of the discipline.

This paper studies the cooperative teaching of chemistry majors in a double first-class university, that is, academic English writing teachers cooperate with chemistry teachers and journal editors to jointly complete academic English writing courses, aiming at cultivating subject English writing and publishing ability. The data used in this study include questionnaires, interviews, and classroom observation records. The results show that cooperative teaching is a more effective model, which significantly improves students' writing confidence and course satisfaction. The key factors affecting the effectiveness of teaching include the degrees of cooperation between teachers, teaching methods, and the timing of classes. This research provides a valuable reference for the design and practice of subject English writing and publishing courses under the background of double first-class construction.

To intensify chemical processes, it is sometimes required to connect several reactors in series. In addition, real reactors are always modeled as combinations of ideal reactors. However, a detailed description of reactor combinations is not always covered in undergraduate lecturing. In this paper, the general equations to calculate the conversion in ideal reactors in both series and parallel are first derived. Next, the effect of the combination mode in which an irreversible first-order liquid phase reaction is carried out on the reactant conversion or the reactor volume is discussed. Finally, a general expression for the residence time distribution of the combination where one continuous stirred tank reactor and another plug flow reactor in series is obtained. Lecturing the combination of ideal reactors can help the students to enhance their critical and creative thinking skills.

Spectrophotometry is one of important analytical methods commonly used in analytical chemistry, and absorption spectroscopy is an important basis for sample analysis using spectrophotometry. In the widely used textbooks in China, the expression form of absorption spectra about KMnO₄ and K₂Cr₂O₇ at different concentrations in aqueous solution is not proper. In this paper, the absorption spectra of KMnO₄ and K₂Cr₂O₇ were redrawn by experiments and the problems existing in the absorption spectra were discussed, and finally some revisions were suggested. In view of the wide application of spectrophotometry in scientific research and chemical monitoring industries, the revision of absorption spectra in the current teaching materials is very necessary.

The construction and implementation of first-class courses promote the reform of course evaluation methods in Chinese universities. Formative assessment pays close attention to the student's learning process, and makes for the learning of students and the teaching of teachers. This paper focused on the implementation methods of formative evaluation of chemistry in foreign universities. And applications of formative evaluation were sorted out in three types of courses, including offline courses, online courses, and online and offline mixed courses. The analysis and conclusion of formative evaluation were issued on the three aspects of diagnosis method, feedback method and adjustment method, to provide reference for the effective implementation of formative evaluation of chemistry in domestic universities.

The experimental teaching plays a very important role in all stages of education. Prelab, as the prior knowledge for students to carry out the experimental process, is an important part of experimental teaching. This paper systematically analyzes the progress of chemical prelab teaching research at home and abroad in recent 20 years. First, the progress of the domestic chemical prelab teaching research is analyzed and its deficiencies are summarized through HowNet. Subsequently, the progress ofteaching researchon chemistry prelab at abroad is detailed discussed and analyzed according to the literatures fromweb of science, which can bedivided into innovative prelab methods, comparative prelab research, effect of prelab on the cognitive changes of students and completelaboratory research. Finally, the implications and suggestions from the aspects of research object, research content, research methods are summarized.

As the founder of organic chemistry, a famous dialectical materialist and a friend of Marx and Engels, Scholema's relevant deeds are ideally suited to thecourse ideological and political educationof organic chemistry. The paper provides a useful exploration of how to integrate Scholema's research experience, his contribution to dialectical materialism and his research findings in organic chemistry into course ideological and political education.