Slow education is advocated in the context of fast education. In essence, slow education is a kind of “fast” education, a kind of “waiting” education, and an education with “taste”. Slow education can provide students with broader, more relaxed, more free learning space and development space, thus promoting the deep development of thinking. Because the cognitive development, spatial expansion and practical activities of thinking need time accumulation, slow education is essential. In slow education, students' deep thinking can be developed by constructing diagrams, problem driving and practical exploration.

Taking the chemistry test questions of the national senior high school entrance examination for a total of 10 years from 2013 to 2022 as samples, the content analysis method was used and the “multiple representation-SOLO” analysis model was constructed, frequency statistics were conducted from three dimensions: question type, knowledge topic, and multiple representation-SOLO level in hand-held technology digital experiment scenarios. And an attempt was made to explore the relationship between question type, knowledge topic, and multiple representation-SOLO level. The conclusion was drawn that the main types of test questions were experimental exploration, with rich knowledge topics and high difficulty in examination. Finally, it provided substantive suggestions for teaching evaluation and test question assignment.

Scientific inquiry is one of core literacies in chemistry, and inquiry-based questions are an important means of assessing students' inquiry skills and thinking qualities. Following the process of scientific inquiry and combining it with the existing pen-and-paper examination format, the elements of inquiry in inquiry-based questions contain several aspects: posing questions, forming hypotheses, devising plans, conducting verification, gathering evidence, interpreting and drawing conclusions, reflecting and evaluating, applying and transferring knowledge. When creating inquiry-based questions in chemistry, it is essential to design the various elements of the inquiry process in a scientific and flexible manner, in line with the cultivation goals of core literacies in chemistry. In this way, we can enhance the effectiveness of inquiry-based question assessment.

Textbooks in the new era are the fundamental carrier for cultivating soul and fostering human being, and an important source of cultivating core values. Based on the content of “local culture” in textbooks, a textbook cultural resource analysis framework is constructed, which includes seven dimensions: cultural elements, symbolic representation, content length, narrative form, value orientation, knowledge connotation, and educational function. The newly compiled high school chemistry textbooks of the People's Education Edition are selected as the research objects, and are coded according to the scale. Sort out the cultural materials presented in textbooks and discuss their construction characteristics, providing reference suggestions for optimizing the cultural content design and teaching application of textbooks.

The project theme of “exploring the greenhouse effect of greenhouse gases” was used to teach a project-based lesson on “gases preparation” in a junior chemistry review class. Based on the model of greenhouse effect, students followed the controlled variable method to design experiments and applied the knowledge of gas properties and preparation to select the appropriate chemical reactions and design the generation, removal and collection devices independently to meet the practical needs of the project. The project also adopted an innovative experimental design based on thermal imaging to test greenhouse gases, which shortened the length of the experiment and improved scientific validity. The implementation of the project improved students' ability to transfer and apply knowledge, developed experimental inquiry and practical literacy, developed modeling skills, and enhanced social responsibility.

Starting from the flowering of childhood toy paper trees, the students were guided to explore the definition of saturated solution and unsaturated solution and their mutual conversion conditions by preparing liquid medicine, explain the flowering principle of paper trees by cooling crystallization, and understand some crystallization phenomena in nature, so that students could feel the interest and artistic beauty brought by chemistry.

Based on the concept of large unit, taking “design and draw an airplane or spacecraft” as the real situation, this paper discusses the structural materials, functional materials and the development direction of aerospace materials, integrates physics, chemistry, biology, information technology, engineering and interdisciplinary knowledge in problem solving, promotes students to analyze problems from multiple perspectives, develops students; systematic thinking ability and innovation ability, guides students to pay attention to China's aerospace industry, establish the sense of responsibility of a scientific and technological power, and promote the integrated development of core literacy.

This paper focused on improving high school students' ability to analyze chemical problems utilizing mathematical models. Based on the project “analyzing the relationship between the excessive CO₂ emission and the death of coral death”, we guided the students to formulate the impact of water pH on the carbon particle concentration, along with the influence of the CO₂'s partial pressure and the greenhouse effect on the ocean's ability to absorb CO₂ into mathematical models. This process had cultivated students' high-level thinking ability to solve scientific problems by the balanced thought, constructed the balanced view, and improved their evidential reasoning and model cognitive competence.

The project-based teaching is carried out effectively based on the hot issue of “carbon peak and carbon neutralization” and the big ideas led by “green development”. It tries to optimize classroom teaching models and promote students engaging in deep learning by following the four aspects: exploring carbon sources, digging into energy sources, innovating energy storage and enclosing resources. After the implement of teaching, excellent results have been achieved. It helps students to clarify the essential knowledge of chemistry, understand the cause and effect of every principle, construct problem-solving mental models and thus develop the students' core competence of chemistry.

Based on the knowledge of transesterification in “Organic Chemistry”, a two class hours of project-based teaching activity was designed and implemented, themed “preparing biodiesel” which was founded on STEAM education. Under the social background of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality”, the students designed their own experiments and carried out investigations to prepare and test biodiesel using an ultrasonic cleaning machine. The practices of “preparing biodiesel” explored the combination of STEAM education and project-based teaching, and promoted the interdisciplinary integration of high school chemistry classroom. It was found that these activities were helpful for developing students' core competence of scientific inquiry and innovation consciousness, scientific attitude and social responsibility.

Based on the analysis of the teaching material content of “the direction of chemical reaction” and the related teaching design, the falsification experiment of enthalpy criterion and entropy criterion and ammonium chloride decomposition experiment were innovatively designed. By analyzing the experimental results, strengthens evidence awareness, gradually reveals the compound criteria of chemical reaction direction, promotes students' in-depth understanding of the direction of chemical reaction, and develops students' evidence reasoning literacy.

Starting from the concept of “green chemistry”, this paper introduces the 5R principle and sustainable development, and constructs a “social responsibility” literacy model that conforms to the development concept of green chemistry. A green chemistry teaching plan close to the students' cognitive development law is designed to guide students to improve chemical process based on the three principles of reduction, reuse and recycling. In teaching, the essence of green chemistry is integrated into the cultivation of students' “social responsibility”, which cultivates and improves students' green chemistry view.

Based on the STEAM theory, the traditional art of Chinese landscape painting is taken as the teaching situation, the precipitation dissolution balance knowledge is taken as the carrier, and the chemical reagent is used as the color to integrate the excellent traditional culture into the teaching design of chemistry, aiming to guide students to improve their humanistic quality and enhance their cultural confidence in the process of acquiring knowledge.

Teachers' professional competence can be judged within a certain range by their secondary development of teaching materials. Based on a literature review, the paper constructs an “evaluation system of secondary development ability for chemistry teachers” from the connotation and essence of “secondary development of teaching materials”. The new system includes four dimensions, five indicators and fifteen different levels. Besides, giving each criterion a specific score leads the system from a qualitative evaluation to a quantitative one and endows it with more feasibility. Finally, the application of the system is introduced through some case studies.

Based on analysis of the large-scale questionnaire data of 1 236 middle school chemistry teachers (582 urban school teachers and 654 rural school teachers) in 30 provincial administrative regions, the study reveals that there are significant differences in the frequency of digital information system(DIS) application as well as in the ways and scenarios of DIS application between urban and rural teachers; The differences in teachers' professional backgrounds and school teaching resources have jointly caused the urban-rural differences in the application of DIS in chemistry teaching. The research suggests that administrative department should strengthen the allocation of DIS facilities and staff in rural schools, the teaching and research department should provide targeted guidance to rural school teachers to enhance their professional competence; and rural schools should strengthen their emphasis on and institutional support for the application of DIS.

The purpose of this experiment was to recommend a popular science experiment: a color gel vase based on purple cabbage anthocyanins. In this experiment, the common materials such as diapers and purple cabbage were used as raw materials. With the help of super absorbent resin in diapers with water absorption and water retention, the hydrogel absorbed with anthocyanin was prepared. The prepared hydrogel had the characteristics of pH response, and it could show different colors under different pH conditions. Subsequently, hydrogels with different colors were stacked in glass bottles to produce the rainbow-like bottle with good visual effect. This experiment could help the students to understand the relevant knowledge of super absorbent resin and anthocyanin, improve the ability of hands-on operation, and cultivate the habit of observing life.

Combining with specific teaching examples, this paper expounded how to take advantage of the occurrence of “abnormal situation” in chemistry experiment classes and seized the teaching opportunity. Following the trend, by creating real and valuable problem situations, students' learning interest could be further stimulated, and then the “flexible and dynamic” chemistry classes could be created through teacher-student interaction. In the case of specific teaching implementation strategy analysis, based on the preset possible “abnormal situation” in the classroom, the students were guided to improve their cognitive ability in complex situations through “experimental inquiry”; The occasional “abnormal situation” in the classroom would help the students enhance the analytical ability of complex systems through “multi-angle analysis”; Based on the typical “abnormal situation” in the classroom, the ability to deal with complex problems of the students would be greatly improved through “advanced experimental inquiry”. In the process of dealing with “abnormal situation”, we should pay attention to the structure of chemical knowledges, the law of students' cognitive development, the overall design of situations, activities and problem solving. It was also very important to highlight the change of students' learning methods, which would promote the formation and development of students' core literacy in chemistry.

By studying the exercises of the new textbook, with the help of the basic principles of topology, the topological structure of organic molecules was established, the connotation of organic molecular unsaturation was analyzed, the principle of calculating various organic molecular unsaturation was clarified, and the skills of writing organic molecular structure and organic reaction formula were introduced, which provided new ideas and perspectives for learning and understanding organic chemistry.

Taking “chemical equilibrium” as the research object, this paper screened the research results related to this topic in Taiwan of China from 1991 to 2022, and obtained 11 journal papers and 22 master's papers, the authors were all from universities. The research paradigm, research method, research object, research type and research content of the sample paper were analyzed, it was found that: Research on “chemical equilibrium” in Taiwan of China mostly adopted qualitative and quantitative empirical research, included students' concept understanding, mental model and teaching strategy, focused on students' cognitive process, experimental innovation and educational technology integration. By comparing the studies on “chemical equilibrium” between mainland of China and Taiwan province, this paper put forward some relevant suggestions in order to provide reference for the research and teaching of this topic.

Chinese Chemistry Olympiad is one of the five disciplines competition, its authority and the cultivation of students' innovative ability is very obvious. Carrying out chemistry competition training is the secondary classroom practice of chemistry based on the strategy of strengthening the country through science and education. Scientific implementation of training is helpful to cultivate innovative learners. Clarifying the significance of chemistry competition to students and schools, formulating reasonable selection measures, step-by-step teaching arrangements, forming an independent learning consciousness, and cultivating tenacious correct values will help the systematic and structured promotion of competition training, and effectively implement students' core literacy of chemistry and comprehensive literacy of natural science research.