Gene editing techniques were developed chronologically,which include zinc finger nuclease,transcription activator-like effector nuclease and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas 9).This paper introduces the working principles of these technologies,explores their respective advantages and disadvantages,and illustrates the application examples of CRISPR-Cas9 in rice as well as in medical diseases cancer.Finally,the article presents the deep concerns of humans over the ethical and social issues arising from gene editing technology.

This article deeply analyzes the nutrients of polysaccharides,carotenoids and flavonoids in persimmon from a chemical perspective.From the perspective of tannin-protein combination,this article elucidates the chemical mechanism of the production of gastric persimmon stone,revealing the chemical source of the astringent taste of persimmon.By building a diversified application value and broad development prospect of persimmon,this article provides a new perspective,new ideas and new methods for healthy diet and green production.

There are relatively few experts and scholars studying chemical culture in China,and high-quality research results are relatively scarce.Analyze the construction process of the national first-class undergraduate course“Chemical Culture Studies”,introduce the key problems to be solved by the curriculum and teaching reform,curriculum objectives,key issues,curriculum content,resource construction,content organization and implementation,curriculum characteristics and innovation,curriculum construction plan,and other aspects.Show teaching design examples to provide reference and inspiration for other chemical culture researchers.

The representation and application of molecular point groups in structural chemistry are abstract and difficult to understand,making it difficult for students to learn.However,this knowledge is an important foundation for subsequent chapters.In response to this situation,we propose a student-centered approach with teachers guiding students through the process of knowledge formation.Through a series of teaching strategies,including visualizing mathematical deduction,deducing the evolution process of knowledge,drawing concept maps,and applying abstract knowledge concretely,teaching and learning difficulties are no longer difficult,but become bright spots for active classroom learning by fully unleashing students’ subjective initiative.

Combined with the teacher’s scientific research results,the experimental content of using photonic crystal material structure color to detect organic solvents is introduced into the undergraduate innovative experimental courses,so that students learn the experimental principles and skills of polymer microsphere synthesis,opal template assembly,inverse opal film preparation and colorimetric detection of organic solvents,and at the same time,students are guided to synthesize multidisciplinary knowledge to analyze the experimental phenomena and results,which is conducive to the exercise of students’ basic abilities,the establishment of scientific research awareness and the development of social responsibility.

Comprehensive chemistry experiments generally have strong comprehensiveness and are of great significance in cultivating the subject literacy and scientific thinking of college students.We followed the forefront of discipline development and guided students to realize the visual detection of urea content in human sweat by preparing biomass fluorescent nitrogen doped carbon dots(N-CQDs)hydrogelbased on the fluorescence response characteristics to pH and with the use of smart phone color recognition software.This comprehensive experiment enhances students’ ability to comprehensively apply basic knowledge and experimental skills,which is suitable for undergraduate students majoring in chemistry and related fields to conduct comprehensive experiments.

This work explores the education innovation and reform practice for undergraduate students through an experiment of measurement of hydrogen peroxide reaction rate constant,which comprises the improvement of experimental apparatus,refinement of data analysis and investigation on microscopic reaction mechanism.Compared to the experiment apparatus,process and reaction mechanisms recited in textbooks,the improved experiment apparatus requires fewer steps to obtain more accurate data,and the refined data analysis facilitates the fitting of reaction rate constants,thus enabling the verification of the microscopic mechanisms of hydrogen peroxide decomposition and potassium iodide-catalyzed decomposition through theoretical chemical methods.Moreover,in this conduction of experiment,undergraduates have practiced and gained more skills such as active learning,critical thinking and innovation capability.Therefore,this work provides a particular example of training undergraduate’s innovation capability from fundamental physical chemistry experiment.

This article introduces the implementation of the “Experimental Plan for Training Top notch Students in Basic Disciplines” project at the School of Chemistry,Sun Yat-sen University.Through tracking and investigating the graduates of the “Top-notch Plan 1.0” and “Top-notch Plan 2.0” from 2015 to 2024,the article analyzes the subject background before enrollment,the professional training situation during their studies,and their career development after graduation.Suggestions and measures are proposed to further promote the training of top students in chemistry from five aspects:emphasizing selection mechanisms,innovating training modes,strengthening experimental practice teaching,promoting full process scientific research training,and deepening domestic and international exchanges and cooperation.

This study designed the“PCK Scale Questionnaire for Unit Teaching of Pre-Service Chemistry Teachers”and examined its reliability and validity to investigate the structure and level of PCK(Pedagogical Content Knowledge)in unit teaching among 148 pre-service chemistry teachers,and further explored its relationship with design thinking.The results indicated that(1)the questionnaire had satisfactory reliability and validity;(2)the six-factor structure of PCK in unit teaching demonstrated a certain degree of rationality,with the component scores ranked from high to low as CTO,SMK,KoC,KoL,KoS,and KoA;(3)there was a significant positive correlation between the six factors of PCK in unit teaching and design thinking,and KoA and KoS had significant positive predictive effects on design thinking.Based on these findings,corresponding suggestions were proposed at the end of the paper from two aspects:empirical research on PCK and the curriculum for pre-service chemistry teacher education.

To address the problem that inorganic chemistry and chemical analysis courses in the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)program do not adequately reflect the unique characteristics of the program and students’ low interest in learning,a resource library with TCM-specific materials has been developed to support theoretical teaching.Experimental teaching projects focusing on TCM quality control have been established to build a curriculum content system that embodies the characteristics of the TCM program.Respecting the differences of students,a series of exploratory chemical analysis experiments with small class size have been designed to cultivate specialized talents in TCM quality control.The integration of TCM culture into the teaching reform of inorganic chemistry and chemical analysis courses has significantly enhanced students’ professional identity and confidence,effectively supporting the role of basic courses in specialized courses.This approach can provide a reference for the integration of TCM culture into basic chemistry courses.

Handheld technology digital experiment teaching is employed as a tool to improve the flame test.A creative design of experiment teaching is proposed based on the investigation of the flame test using a DIY spectrometer.By using the camera images and emission spectra measured by the DIY spectrometer,accurate qualitive analysis of metallic elements is realized by studying the flame test of single metallic elements and double metallic elements.The basic principle of flame tests behind the experimental phenomena is explained.The background information of tracer bullets is also introduced as an extension of the flame test teaching.Therefore,the educational function of flame test in general chemistry and forensic chemistry of public security universities is further explored and extended in this study.

The research training experiment“synthesis of curcumin derivatives and determination of their physical constants”,which is reflect the characteristics of pharmacy,had been offered based on interdisciplinary integration and talent cultivation objectives.This project was performed aiming at the defects in the structure of curcumin.Reasonable structural modification was carried out via Knoevenagel and Knorr condensation at β-diketones and active methylene group of curcumin.After the structures of the target product were confirmed,further determination of related physical constants was carried out.The correlation between modification sites,substituents,and physicochemical properties was preliminary explored.The experiment incorporates organic synthesis skills and instrumental analysis methods,which is an exploration and innovation of experiment for integrating different branches of chemistry.Comprehensive upgrading of experimental course was conducted through program guidance.It was helpful for improving scientific literacy and innovation ability of undergraduate students in the exploration of the program.

In view of the separation of“industrial production,study and research”in the process of graduate student training of chemistry and materials science,the system of“integration of industrial production and education,coordination of research and education”is constructed and implemented.By setting up the“experimental classes for undergraduate continue to study postgraduate students”,a systematic and perfect new system of postgraduate education has been gradually constructed,highlighting the leading role of innovative spirit and strengthening the cultivation mission for teachers.It links the research direction of postgraduate students with industrial development,and makes enterprise practice a“compulsory course”for postgraduate students.By personalizing the teaching program for postgraduate students and promote its deep integration with its first class,to build the integration of industrial production and education,research and education coordination platform that with multi-knowledge system,to meet the needs of graduate innovation and development.And establish the incentive mechanism of enterprise internship scientifically to mobilize the enthusiasm of both tutors and graduate students to participate in enterprise internship.

This paper mainly explored the application of Chimera and MolAICal software in medicinal chemistry teaching.Traditional medicinal chemistry education is often limited by the abstract nature of theoretical knowledge and the lack of practical experience among students,making it difficult to effectively cultivate students’ understanding and application abilities.To address this issue,this paper combined Chimera and MolAICal software for use in medicinal chemistry curriculum.The basic functions and features of Chimera and MolAICal software were introduced initially.Students could visually observe the binding mode between the drug molecule and the target protein,enhancing their understanding of intermolecular interactions through the design of a molecular docking experiment of the anticancer drug imatinib with the Bcr-Abl protein tyrosine kinase.Moreover,by independently selecting the latest hit compound for molecular docking extension experiments,students further deepened their perceptual knowledge and rational understanding of the drug design and development process.The integration of Chimera and MolAICal software into medicinal chemistry teaching not only enriches teaching methods but also significantly improves teaching effectiveness.

The infrared spectra were deciphered according to the vibrational motions of chemical bonds.With the help of potential energy distribution(PED)analysis,the amide-I band of alanine dipeptide(ALAD)was assigned and its components of vibrational motions were demonstrated,thus,the contributions from bond stretching,bending and torsion to specific vibrational mode were revealed.The results help students to gain insights into molecular vibrational delocalization and the frequency shifts of specific vibrational motions in different chemical environments,therefore,a better understanding of molecular vibration and infrared spectrum can be acquired.

The applications of the stereoelectronic effect in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was summarized.The influence of the stereoelectronic effect on proton and carbon chemical shifts in NMR was analyzed,especially for some“abnormal”chemical shifts.When the chemical shift values of heteroatom’s neighboring α-and β-hydrogen or carbon atoms do not align with the expected trend caused by the electron-withdrawing inductive effect of large electronegative atoms,it is often due to the increase of the electron cloud density of those hydrogen or carbon atoms being affected by the electron-donating n_X-σ^* stereoelectronic effect of the heteroatoms with a lone pair of electrons.This phenomenon leads to a shift of the chemical shift values towards higher magnetic fields.

Allen Joseph Bard(1933—2024),a renowned American electrochemist,made groundbreaking and fundamental contributions to the fields of electrochemiluminescence,photoelectrochemistry,and scanning electrochemical microscope.His career has been at the forefront of electrochemical development for decades,earning him the title of“Father of Modern Electrochemistry.”Additionally,he has played a pivotal role in electrochemical education and academic exchanges between China and the United States.Clarifying Bard’s life and significant work in the field of electrochemistry can not only enhance our understanding of the development of electrochemistry but also illuminate his ideas and methods in electrochemical research and education.Therefore,it holds profound historical and practical significance.

In the early 17th century,the existence of heavy spar was discovered through its phosphorescence phenomenon.In 1774,Swedish chemist Scheele proved that barite is a substance different from gypsum.At the end of the 18th century,French chemist Lavoisier predicted that heavy soil and other soils were not simple substances.In the early 19th century,British chemist David successfully extracted a metal from heavy soil and named it“Barium”,marking the initial formation of the concept of barium element.Afterwards,the proposal of scientific atomism and the measurement of barium atomic weight further developed the concept of barium element at the microscopic level.In the 20th century,the discovery of isotopes facilitated the formation of the modern concept of barium element.In summary,the development history of the concept of barium is not only the discovery history of people’s understanding,preparation,and definition of barium elements,but also the progress history of modern scientific theories,ideas,and research methods.