The progress of aerospace propellants, aerospace materials, energy, navigation and life support systems at home and abroad have been well summarized based on the chemical elements. The history of aerospace industry shows that efficient fuels, lightweight and high-strength new materials, high-power stable chemical power supplies, more precise time and reliable life-sustaining systems require new materials brought by the optimal combination of chemical elements.

Taking the National College Entrance Examination PaperⅠas an example, this paper analyzed the characteristics of questions about chemistry and traditional culture from three angles:examination mode, examination channel and questions setting idea; analyzed the requirements for students' ability and accomplishment from the perspectives of classical Chinese, philology, the ability to extract information, ancient chemistry characteristics and substance names; prepared test questions from substance properties, basic operations and comprehensive applications, and illustrated the thought of review and preparing for the examination.

Test items on organic synthesis route as examples, this paper shows how to dig and integrate the textbook materials, and use the SOLO taxonomy to set test questions.

Based on students' cognitive logic, this paper analyzed the column design of "chemical substances and their changes" in Chemistry 1 textbooks of People's Education Press, Shandong Science and Technology Press and Jiangsu Education Press, and pointed out the conflict between the logical order of column design and students' cognitive order, and then put forward suggestions on the presentation mode of the textbook's columns contents, the specific number and the correct use of columns and so on to the textbook writers and teachers for their secondary development of textbook.

Based on the scientific risk cognition, this paper designed "nutrition and chemistry" review class, used social science issues related to food nutrition and pseudo-scientific information on the network as the carrier, led students to use basic knowledge to analyze, evaluate and criticize, to achieve the comprehensive application of knowledge system and cultivate scientific risk decision-making ability.

Taking the "Purification of Water" as an example, this paper presented the three flavors classroom based on micro video. The life flavor micro video situation attracted students to actively participate in scientific inquiry; the humanistic chemistry classroom led students to discover, perceive, appreciate and evaluate beauty; the cooperative atmosphere promoted students' cooperation, experience and self-development.

To find different levels students'thinking disorder in organic chemistry learning, we did a survey and interview on students of senior 3. According to the students' thinking disorder, we carried out the new organic chemistry teaching design and put it into practice. After this, we conducted two open classes of Aldehyde. We contrasted the pretest and posttest to found the relationship between teaching behavior and students' performance, and confirmed the teaching design and implementation could effectively overcome thinking disorder of the students, to provide reference for further improvement of the teaching of organic chemistry.

At present, high school teachers seem to put too much emphasis on Lewis's "outlet rule" in the teaching of chemistry bond, while neglecting the electrostatic force, thus students would fail to recognize the nature of the chemical bond. In traditional teaching methods, the dichotomy of elements leads to the dichotomy of chemical bonds, which is unhelpful to developing students' thinking ability. This paper analyzed the foreign related researches and based on the cognitive levels of students; try to design the teaching content from the point of emphasizing the electrostatic effect in the chemical bond and the introduction of electronegativity.

Take a teaching video recording of teacher C in National Junior High School Chemistry High Quality Lessons as the object, this paper used the improved speech interaction classification tool to carry on the classroom observation, quantitatively analyzed the richness of language and activity behaviors of teachers and students in classroom by using Shannon entropy model, and further analyzed the classroom teaching type by using Student-Teacher(S-T) method. It provided quantitative methods for chemistry teachers to analyze classroom teaching behavior and student behavior, so as to promote teachers' professional development and the improvement of students' learning methods.

This paper investigated the demand for improving micro-course teaching ability of some senior high school chemistry teachers in X city. Studies showed that senior high school chemistry teachers were more willing to learn and use micro-course videos. However, there were still some problems such as the unclear concept of micro-course and the lack of making video ability in micro-course, based on the above, put forward some suggestions on training.

This paper aimed to assess senior high school students' perceptions of their chemistry classroom learning environment using High School Chemistry Classroom Learning Environment Inventory. 861 senior high school students from Shenzhen, Changchun and Jiamusi were involved in this study. Data analysis revealed that students had positive perceptions of their chemistry classroom learning environment; the mean was above 3.4 in cohesiveness, equality, task orientation and cooperation dimensions, the mean of teacher support and participation were 3.0~3.4, and the mean of inquiry was below 3.0. There were statistically significant difference in students' perceptions in terms of sexes, grade levels, city and country, actual and preferred environments.

This paper collected 180 survey study papers in Chinese Journal of Chemical Education and Education in Chemistry from 2011 to 2016, analyzed the status and trends in survey study, and investigated the qualities by using Qualities of Survey Study Instrument. The results showed that the number of survey studies trended to decrease; the most common research area involved in chemistry learning, teacher education and chemistry teaching; the participants were mainly high school students and in-service teachers; about half of the authors were from colleges and universities. In terms of the qualities of research, although the qualities increased year by year, the overall research qualities were not optimistic. The main problems were a lack of direct evidence on reliability and validity, the simplified data analysis, and the inadequate literature review.

Chemistry experiment is an important part of chemistry teaching, not only has the function of education and teaching, but also has the function of developing students' chemistry discipline core literacy. From the perspective of cognition, practice and value pursuit, chemistry experiments play an irreplaceable role in development of students' view of nature of science, practice and values of science. Teachers can use the historical facts of chemistry experiment to present the process of real scientific discovery, and develop students' view of nature of science; we can develop students' "macro-identification and micro-analysis" "evidence reasoning and model-cognition" literacy by guiding students to observe the phenomena of chemistry experiment and the reasoning based on the evidence of experimental facts; through carrying out the chemistry experiment to explore, guide students to broaden the perspective and understanding of ideas, to develop students' "scientific inquiry and innovation consciousness"; the chemistry discipline core literacy "scientific attitude and social responsibility" can be evaluated by chemistry experiment.

This paper introduced students' experiment inquiry on synthesis of colorful Cu₂O nano-particles based on scientific core concept construction. The Cu₂O particles was synthesized by reducing alkaline copper(Ⅱ)-citrate complex(Benedict's reagent) with glucose, the color and size changes of Cu₂O particles at various reaction conditions were observed and discussed. The experiment was simple to operate, with obvious phenomena and less reagents. This study developed the creativity of students and promoted scientific core concept construction by making students experience the whole process of scientific research.

This paper designed experiment device for the reaction of N₂ and O₂ under high voltage discharge. Used oxygen sensor and pressure sensor to measure oxygen concentration after discharge, and the decrease in oxygen concentration after stopping discharge indicated that NO was produced during the reaction. Then injected purple litmus solution into the reaction system, simulating the reaction of NO₂ and water in rain, reddish brown became lighter, purple litmus solution turned red, and the value of oxygen sensor and pressure sensor decreased further, which explained that acidic substance and NO were produced.

With orthogonal experiment and theoretic induction, findings showed that during the process of extracting iodine from kelp with ashing method, the following steps resulted in the loss of iodine:washing the sample of kelp with water, heating kelp too long, and washing without organic solvent after filtering, boiling kelp ash solution, unsuccessful control of pH, using strong oxidizing agents. Based on the above findings, the optimal experimental scheme for extraction of iodine from kelp was proposed.

This paper designed a simple experiment device that could quickly and accurately record the spectra of a mixture or single metal ion using a smartphone and a handheld spectroscope, and validated its effectiveness by getting a more accurate spectral wavelength map through ImageJ and Excel. The experiment device could also be designed as interesting experiments for senior high school chemistry for students to understand the basic principles of modern chemical instrument analysis.

This paper introduced a simple alkali type buret measuring device, which was used to study the state of gas quantitatively. This device could be used to explore the relationship among pressure, volume and temperature of gas, so as to make students more in-depth understand the properties of gas.

Through experiment this paper found that:When AgNO₃ solution was directly mixed with KI solution, the double decomposition reaction occurred, and the redox reaction occurred when the direct contact of ions was prevented by the primary battery with salt bridge. Then this paper analyzed the reaction mechanism from two aspects of chemical thermodynamics and kinetics.

This paper systematically synthesizes theoretical studies on science (chemistry) pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) from the lenses of conceptual framework, definition orientation, component boundary, theoretical models, as well as subject-and topic-specificity. Results show that the existing studies (1) are grounded on Shulman's framework; (2) adopt either the "static structure" or "dynamic construction" perspective; (3) highlight the definition of and interactions among the PCK components; (4) employ either the integrative or transformative model to interpret the relationship between SMK and PCK; and (5) underscore the subject-and topic-specificity of PCK. Based on the research trends at home and abroad, it also provides relevant implications for future research of chemistry PCK in China.

Through the introduction of "BASF" and "BASF Kid's Lab" in China, combined with some classic experiment cases, it is found that deep learning ability can be developed through the subject inquiry; design micro-experiments to perceive green chemistry concepts; strengthen discipline integration to promote the cultivation of innovative thinking; pay attention to chemical enlightenment to implement experiment progression teaching; use social resources, and create talents in various ways to improve the chemistry core literacy of high school students.

This paper introduced and analyzed Mayow's experiment of determination of air composition in detail:Mayow used iron and dilute nitric acid to prepare nitric oxide, which was collected in flask placed upside down on the surface of water, and made it react with oxygen and water, in order to determine the oxygen in the air.