112 Nobel Prizes in Chemistry have been awarded in 1901-2020. Among them,there are up to 49 bio-related prizes,exhibiting the close relationship between chemistry and biology. During the development process of modern sciences,chemistry has played a pivotal role on the biological studies at molecular level,and biological studies have had a significant promotional effect on chemistry. The variety of bio-related Nobel Prizes in Chemistry exactly embodied the mutual promotion relations between chemistry and biology.

This paper summarizes the allotropes of selenium according to the historical references and the latest research results, which can be divided into five categories including vapor selenium, liquid selenium, solid selenium, nano selenium and selenium clusters. It focuses on the types, structures, properties, preparation and application of solid selenium, nano selenium and selenium cluster. It improves the in-depth introduction of selenium allotrope in teaching, which helps to reflect the role of scientific researches in promoting the undergraduate teaching content reform.

For undergraduates who major in macromolecular chemistry and physics, research methods of polymer materials is a necessary course. The effectiveness of the teaching will be affected if we pay attention to the theoretical knowledge. Considering our background in polymer science, the author adjusted content of course, teaching methods and examination methods. By combining theoretical knowledge with practical applications, the teaching effect of this course was improved effectively.

In the teaching of condensation polymerization part of the polymer chemistry, an online and offline teaching mode and ideological & political strategies that integrate theoretical knowledge and application were proposed. Students feedback showed that online classrooms can be used as an auxiliary means of teaching, enriching the form and content of teaching, and the combined online and offline teaching mode can effectively complete the basic requirements and achieve better teaching results. Through the ideological and political construction combined with the typical scientific research results, a synergy effect between theoretical courses and application scenarios can be formed, and students' patriotic feelings and responsibility for serving the country through scientific research can be enhanced.

This paper is based on the gold standard proposed by the Ministry of Education for the “Gold Classes”. In the review of the history and current situation of shape memory alloy, the paper showed that the shape memory alloy,which is represented by Ni-Ti alloy, can be modified by mixed with other proper metal. And theoretical analysis and practical examples are carried out in the innovative design. The paper is aimded at improving students' theoretical-practical-innovative ability and cultivate students' innovative thinking.

Taking theteaching design of primary cell as an example, this paper explores how to integrate the PBL project with the split teaching mode to make a novel class teaching process. The practice results show that the new teaching mode stimulates students' learning interests, improves their enthusiasm and initiative learning, and thus promote the teaching output. At last, the paper also discussed the prospect development and applications of this new mode by integrating PBL project with the split teaching method in the future inorganic chemistry course.

We have improved the labor skill course,3D Modeling of Molecules,for chemistry majors and proposed the blended teaching method with an online-offline teaching mode and a diverse assessment mode. Cases in production,subject forefront information and current events are induced for innovation and entrepreneurship education as well as ideological and political education. In order to adapt to the need of develop innovative labors in the new era,students are encouraged to participate in the practical teaching and their labor interests are fully engaged.

In order to promote students' understanding as well as mastery of physical chemistry tests, student-self-designed-tests is introduced into the teaching practice of physical chemistry. Designing a set of completely self-made tests is assigned to students as a task and they also should provide corresponding answers and comments on it. This activity aims to guide the students to symmetrically summarize and organize the learned knowledge points. Furthermore, the understanding of the knowledge can also be comprehensively and deeply strengthened and all the individual parts of the course can be brought together. As a result, the learning of physical chemistry is anticipated to be greatly promoted.

This paper explores the implementation of rain classroom in modern instrumental analysis course teaching from three aspects, including preview before class, teaching and management in class, and analysis and summary after class. The teaching practice indicates that the learning ability of students, teaching level of teachers, and evaluation mode of course are improved by using blended teaching mode of rain classroom method based on “Internet plus”. The results of student questionnaire survey show that more than 95% of the students approve rain classroom teaching. Meanwhile, the encountered problems during rain classroom teaching are analyzed, and suggestions for improvement are put forward. The purpose is to provide reference for colleges and universities to promote “Internet plus” based rain classroom for blended teaching.

Based on constructivism and scaffolding instruction, this study explored the application of blended teaching in organic chemistry experiment course with the support of “Peking University organic chemistry experiment online learning and testing platform”. Taking the experiment of thin-layer chromatography and column chromatography as example, through the teaching design and practice of establishing objectives, analyzing learning situation, decomposing tasks, building scaffolding, teaching and feedback, students had a grasp of experimental knowledge and technology, acquired the ability to solve problems, and enhanced their experimental confidence.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), due to their novel structures and extensive functions, are promising materials. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) is a traditional material characterization tool which has been widely applied in university teaching and research. The experiments designed in this paper are expected to stimulate students' interests in the diffraction intensity equation (Hull/Debye-Scherrer Equation) of PXRD and the correlated Lorentz factor, in which we compare the inconsistencies between the experimental and calculated PXRD intensities of MOF-5 prepared by different methods. An attempt is made to delve into the reasons for the occurrence of this inconsistency in terms of the preferred orientation of the crystals and the three geometric factors that constitute the Lorentz factor. In addition, this paper constructs a new comprehensive university-level chemical experiment based on the principle of PXRD, the calculation results, the experimental results and the crystal nucleation & growth theory.

The experiment design of the physical chemistry experiment “B-Z oscillating electrochemical fingerprint of phloridzin” in medical or pharmaceutical universities was completed. And the design mentality was briefly introduced. The standard experimental operation method and data processing method were established. The obtained B-Z oscillating electrochemical fingerprint was stable and clear,with good reproducibility and strong specificity. The characteristic parameters obtained by processing can be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The influence of temperature and phloridzin concentration on B-Z oscillation was also studied. The results showed that the experimental data at different temperatures fitted Arrhenius equation well. When phloridzin concentration was lower than 0.4 mmol/L,quantitative analysis could be carried out by this operation. When phloridzin concentration was higher than 0.4 mmol/L,oscillation stop phenomenon could be observed.

Aiming at the problems of distance teaching and online teaching,taking advantages of hybrid teaching,organically blending online autonomous study,distance learning assistance and online real-time tutoring together,we constructed a distance hybrid teaching mode,which is designed from four aspects including E-course development,online real-time teaching,study assessment and auxiliary teaching management. It was proved by practice that the mode,being viable,could break restrictions of traditional distance teaching,strikingly arouse learning initiative,and obtain a higher teaching quality than the general online and offline mixed teaching.

Student-centered teaching mode and method were discussed from the aspects of online teaching technology and teaching design taking chemical pharmaceutical technology course as an example. The advantages and disadvantages of online teaching and offline teaching were comparatively analyzed. Practice indicated that compared with offline teaching, the student-centered online teaching mode is more conducive to the cultivation of autonomous learning ability and the achievement of curriculum objectives.

Medicinal chemistry is the core curriculum of pharmaceutical major. It is of great significance to carry out all-English teaching of medicinal chemistry in colleges and universities for improving the comprehensive quality of top-notch talents and promoting the development of pharmaceutical industry of China. For the difficulties in all-English teaching of medicinal chemistry, this paper carried out some exploration and practice in selecting of textbook, optimizing of teaching contents and improving of teaching methods. Good teaching effect has been achieved, which provides some suggestions for the reform of all-English teaching of medicinal chemistry.

In the teaching of capillary electrochromatography (CEC), combined with the latest progress of CEC, scientific research cases, tabular comparison and organizing students to carry out experiments, the principles, characteristics and applications of different types of CEC were analyzed in detail. “Research feedback teaching” was employed to improve students' interests in learning, deepen the understanding and mastery of knowledge, and cultivate students' ability to solve practical problems in the future.

The preparation of dibutyl ether is an important organic laboratory experiment in college. To help the students fully understand the mechanisms and operational key points involved in this experiment,the reaction systems of 1-butanol under acidic catalysis and without catalyst are studied in this work by using Gaussian software,focusing on the mechanisms of the main and side reactions of the acid-catalyzed system. The results show that without catalyst,the liquid phase reaction of 1-butanol can hardly start at atmospheric pressure. The substitution reaction from 1-butanol to dibutyl ether is the dominant reaction pathway in the acid-catalyzed system. The rate constants of both the acid-catalyzed substitution and elimination of 1-butanol increase rapidly with the increase of the temperature,however,the rate of the elimination reaction for the olefin formation increases faster and the elimination reaction becomes obvious when the temperature exceeds 420 K. A comprehensive consideration suggests that it is appropriate to control the reaction temperature between 130~140 ℃. The calculation results in this study provide intuitive,dynamic,and quantitative explanations on the competition between the acid-catalyzed ether-forming and olefin-forming reactions of 1-butanol in the form of graphs,tables,and animations. The results are helpful for controlling the reactions and can be used as a supplement for the teaching resources in the course of organic chemistry laboratory.

By analyzing the construction status of the first national top-class undergraduate courses for chemistry and chemical engineering, it is pointed out that the top-class courses of chemistry and chemical engineering have the characteristics of outstanding status, strong momentum and obvious characteristics, and there are also phenomena of unbalanced development between schools and regions. It is necessary to further change the teaching concept, innovate the teaching method and mode, eliminate the imbalance of development, and strengthen the construction of related courses. Finally, combined with the analysis of the courses, it is pointed out that the construction of chemistry and chemical engineering teaching materials should adapt to the requirements of the internet era, and pay attention to the combination of theory and practice.

Cram model and Felkin-Ahn model have been applied to predict the stereoselectivity in the addition of nucleophiles to α-chiral carbonyl compounds. However, rare publications explain how to understand the two models thoroughly. Herein, based on conformation of carbonyls, three different situations are introduced: non heteroatom at the chiral center, a heteroatom at the chiral center without chelation and metal ion or proton capable of chelation with the heteroatom and carbonyl oxygen. Stepwise approach is introduced to predict the final configurations of products here, which is understandable and memorable.

In order to solve some puzzles in the teaching of titration of mixture of acids (bases) and polyacid (base), some ideas are put forward. (1) On the basis of understanding the titration reaction, we should make full use of the titration curve as a powerful tool to solve all kinds of problems. (2) In the process of teaching, we should follow the principle from the easier to the more advanced. On the basis of fully teaching the titration of single monoacid, the teaching contents can be arranged in the following order: titration of mixed monoacids with alkali, titration of polyacid with alkali, and titration of complex mixture of acids with alkali. Because the rules are similar, only a brief introduction of titration of base with strong acid is needed after the students have finished learning titration of acid with alkali. In addition, a new method for the obtaining titration curve of complex acids (bases) system by splicing single monoacid (base) titration curves without complex calculation is proposed. Although the obtained curve is not very accurate, it is sufficient to provide strong support for the possibility judgment of titration analysis and the selection of indicators.