This paper introduces the latest research progress in the composition, corrosion products and mechanism, restoration and protection of bronze ware. Exploration of chemical value of bronze ware can expand the knowledge field of vision, in addition, it can highlight the scientific value of bronzes in addition to history and aesthetics, and help us to uncover the mystery of these millennia cultural relics.

Inductive and deductive thinking plays an important role in the formation, consolidation and application of chemical concepts. The cultivation of inductive and deductive thinking in chemical concept teaching should follow the principles of students as the main body, teachers as the leading, the unity of concept teaching and thinking cultivation, the gradual progress of thinking cultivation and concept teaching, and the combination of inductive, deductive and analytical synthesis. Taking the teaching of the concept of “electrolyte” as an example, this paper explains the specific training path from two dimensions: the cultivation of inductive thinking and the cultivation of deductive thinking in the teaching of chemical concepts.

Under the background of the new curriculum, relying on the “four elements” of deep learning teaching design proposed by the deep learning project group of chemistry discipline of the ministry of education, taking the selective compulsory 2-complex learning of people's education press as an example, to develop deep learning, fully exploit the function of literacy and educational value of core knowledge, promote the transformation of learning methods, and develop the core literacy of chemistry discipline.

Focusing on the unit review in the initial stage of material and transformation learning, taking optimizing students' learning experience as the basic logic of material and transformation review teaching, this paper analyzes the internal development process of learning experience, takes sodium and its compounds review as the experience object, plans the experience content, designs teaching tasks and activities according to the rational experience generation process, and carries out teaching practice.

Taking the “application of balance principle” in the review course of senior three as an example, through the analysis of the real situation, this paper allows students to perceive the model, guides students to analyze, summarize and refine the model, and use the model for practice, variant training and experience the model, so that students can deeply understand the essence of constructing the model and solve complex chemical problems in an orderly manner, improve the ability of scientific thinking and develop the core literacy of chemistry.

In view of the score rate analysis and teaching status of experimental scheme design questions, a deep learning theme model of “preparation and purification of aspirin” is built based on course standards, textbooks, real questions and literature research. Through the design, preparation and purification of aspirin experimental scheme, the thinking model of experimental scheme design is constructed. The preparation of zinc sulfate heptahydrate is taken as an example to internalize the thinking model. In the process of solving real and complex problems, the core knowledge is structured and the thematic review teaching process pointing to deep learning is generated.

The teaching of social science topics in chemistry classroom can develop students' awareness of social participation. Combined with micro project learning mode,from the perspective of classroom teaching,four teaching processes are constructed,namely,selecting project,starting project,implementing project and changing achievements. This paper designed a review course of“material properties and transformation unit”for senior one chemistry of Luke edition,and carried out the practice teaching of chemical micro project learning based on SSI. Combined with the basic situation of practice, this paper put forward four reflections.

Taking the forward and reverse synthetic analysis thinking models in the construction of organic synthesis as the carrier, through the setting of driving tasks, the in-depth integration of information technology and the integration of “teaching-learning-evaluation” promotes the formation of students' structure view, development view and transformation view, and promotes students' understanding of the social value of organic chemistry, and thus cultivates students' chemistry discipline core literacy such as macro and micro integration, changing concepts, scientific attitudes and social responsibility.

Model cognition is an important way of thinking. Teaching design based on model cognition can make teachers pay more attention to core literacy instead of knowledge, so that teaching activities can effectively promote the development of students' thinking ability. Based on the understanding of model and model cognition, taking the typical symbolic model “chemical equation” as an example, the relationship between teaching ideas, teaching activities and subject concepts is clarified, and a teaching design is formed to develop students' model cognitive core literacy.

The number ratio of cation and anion of sodium chloride and cesium chloride is the same, but the crystal cell structure is very different. This paper uses the methods of model construction and mathematical calculation, and integrates the thinking of big concepts such as “scale and structure”, so as to guide students to think in the way of scientific research by scientists.

Backward design is also known as the instructional design of “promoting understanding through design”. In the process of teaching, teachers carry out unit reverse teaching design according to the relevant requirements of curriculum standards, which helps students to improve the core literacy of the subject and trigger deep learning. This paper carried out the exploration of backward design of “sodium and its compounds”. According to the backward design template, and combined with the objectives, knowledge and performance tasks that students needed to acquire, the unit learning activity of “sodium and its compounds” was designed as a teaching task of four class hours. The whole unit realized the training of students from the microstructure combined with experimental facts to understand the properties of metal sodium, and then to analyze the similarities and differences of the properties of substances, and then to the design of identification experiment scheme combined with relevant data, and finally to carry out industrial application of soda preparation combined with relevant data. This paper summarized the students' performance in all aspects of “sodium and its compounds” unit teaching, including classroom records, the completion of performance tasks, as well as the questionnaire for the teaching students and peer experts, and summarized the relevant gains and reflections in the process of “sodium and its compounds” unit teaching. The understanding of relevant unit design could provide some reference for the implementation of “literacy based” teaching in the future.

The core journal Chinese Journal of Chemical Education 2018—2021 chemistry teaching design and implementation literature in senior high schools is taken as the object of the research. Guided by the perspective of textbook analysis, content analysis is adopted to study the current situation and characteristics of those high-quality teaching cases textbook analysis. On this basis, the textbook analysis model of high-quality teaching cases is constructed and the path of designing high-quality teaching cases is explored.

Based on the basic framework of chemistry discipline ability construction, this paper studied the relationship between the differentiation level of chemistry discipline ability and gender differences of junior high school students. Through the design of special test questions of “junior high school chemistry subject ability”, 132 boys and 108 girls were tested with pen and paper, and then it used SAS. 9.4 software to quantify the test results. It was found that there were different degrees of differentiation in the chemistry abilities of junior high school students, there were gender differences between boys and girls in chemistry abilities. Especially in model thinking ability and quantitative ability, boys had obvious advantages over girls.

Based on Arduino technology, using AS7341 sensor, full-color LED lamp beads, condenser lens, Bluetooth chip and 3D printing technology to design a handheld spectrophotometer. This paper introduced the application of handheld spectrophotometer: it was used to determine the food color standard solutions of different colors, within the measurement range, the absorbance had a good linear fitting relationship with the concentration of the sample to be tested; it was applied to the determination of iron content in spinach, and the experimental data obtained had good consistency; it was used to draw the absorbance-time curve of the solution to be tested, obtained a good experimental effect. The results showed that the self-made handheld spectrophotometer could completely replace the traditional spectrophotometer, and further expanded the function of spectrophotometer.

Through experiments and detection methods with XPS, it is found that SO₂ can not only oxidize elemental copper to +1 valent copper compound in hydrochloric acid, but also can reduce Cu²⁺ to +1 valent copper compound in hydrochloric acid, and the oxidation and reduction processes require Cl^- to participate, and the reaction mechanism needs to be further explored through the reaction of SO₂ and FeCl₃ solution (I^- catalysis). The several exploratory experiments are easy to operate and observe, and have significant experimental characterization, it is helpful for us to go from the macroscopic identification to the microscopic analysis.

Based on the existing teaching of chemical equilibrium constant, this paper puts forward a new perspective of understanding chemical equilibrium constant:various expressions of chemical equilibrium constant. According to the chemical equilibrium constant expressed by concentration in the textbook and combined with the ideal gas equation of state, the expression of chemical equilibrium constant expressed by mass fraction and partial pressure is deduced, the differences and relations between the three are analyzed, and then the various expressions of chemical equilibrium constant are applied to solve the relevant problems in the 28 th question of National Chemistry (Volume I) in 2019, make students deeply understand the key to solving this college entrance examination question. At the same time, it expands students' understanding of equilibrium constant and improves students' ability to flexibly apply equilibrium constant to solve problems.

COVID-19 pandemic is a global historical event, and science education has been greatly affected by the pandemic. 49 articles are analyzed and summarized on science education collected in Scopus database since the outbreak of COVID-19, focusing on the following topics: opportunities and challenges of distance science education under the COVID-19 pandemic; COVID-19: an important social science issue; HPS's contribution to science education in the era of COVID-19; rethinking science education standards and science literacy from COVID-19; non-formal science education and sustainable education in the context of COVID-19. The experience of science education in the context of COVID-19 is summarized to reflect science education and prospect science education in the post-epidemic era.

This paper summarized the empirical research on the evaluation of students' electrochemical concepts in core journals from 1990 to 2020 at home and abroad, mainly covering students' understanding of electrochemical concepts and influencing factors. At the end of the article, it discussed its enlightenment to the teaching implementation of chemistry teachers and the empirical research of chemistry at home and abroad, in order to provide useful reference for middle school chemistry teaching and follow-up research.

Popular science books are an important carrier to carry out the fundamental task of “virture pursuit and talent cultivation”. Taking the excellent local biographical popular chemistry book Tu Youyou's Journey in the Search for Artemisinin as a case, the text analysis shows that this kind of books realize the moral educational function by setting up ideals and beliefs, cultivating patriotic feelings, enhancing cultural confidence and forming ecological civilization consciousness; realize the intellectual educational function by popularizing the basic chemical knowledge, advocating the chemical thinking method and enhancing the ability of scientific inquiry; realize the physical educational function by strengthening the awareness of enhancing physique and adjusting mental health; realize the aesthetic educational function by enhancing the capacity of appreciating and creating beauty; realize the labor educational function by recognizing dedication, mastering labor skills and cultivating a down-to-earth attitude. They are an organic whole, which serves the fundamental task of “virture pursuit and talent cultivation”. In order to implement “educating five domains simultaneously”, we must strengthen the specialization of content creation, normalization of policy support, institutionalization of books management, externalization of the value of books.

Electronic effects and steric effects are the basis of organic chemistry. In recent years, the proportion of this part of knowledge examined in the National Chemistry Olympiad competition has been on the rise. Therefore, this article uses questions from the National Chemistry Olympiad in recent years as examples to explain the test sites of electronic effects and steric effects in detail, which helps teachers who tutor chemistry competition understand the teaching standard and improve the understanding for chemistry competitions candidates.