Up-converting rare-earth nanophosphors (UCNPs) is a sort of material which can emit short wavelength light after excited with a longer wavelength light. The UCNPs can emit different color visible fluorescence after excited with 980 nm infrared light. They have wide applications in the field of 3-D display, up-conversion laser, infrared detection, anti-counterfeiting, bio-detection, and so on. The recent research of matrix material,rare-earth ion and optical capabilities of UCNPs is briefly reviewed in this paper.

Statistics of credit distribution of curricula, professional curricula setting and teacher education curricula setting for undergraduate students major in chemistry in six normal universities affiliated to ministry of education of China are given and discussed to provide reference for the curriculum reform in normal university.

Elemental chemistry is characterized by its difficulty in teaching and study due to its rich content and dispersed knowledge. Based on the actual teaching experience, four teaching cases such as the difference of N₂ and P₄, the acid-base property, the toxicity, the shape and the state of substance were designed and elucidated with the core theory of property-structure interdependence, thus effectively promoted the students' interests in learning. Meanwhile, the students were guided to consciously find and use this core thought of chemistry and strengthen the relationship between the basic theory and element chemistry, and ultimately improved the teaching effect.

Taking Carnot cycle as the main line, centralized teaching of thermodynamics related content is discussed through introducing the background, the specific cycle steps, the Carnot's principle and its corollary, and the deducing of entropy and the Clausius inequality. Practice indicates coherent deduction of knowledge from the first law of thermodynamics to the second law can be strengthened by this teaching approach. Therefore, it not only broadens the students' minds, but also benefits them to master the related knowledge systematically.

Error analysis with different view and methods significantly influences the data expression and the results comparison in chemical experiment teaching. The experimental results and error analysis using uncertainty of measurement methods, can overcome the drawbacks of traditional error theory, improve the efficiency of experimental data analysis. By introducing the origin, meaning and evaluation methods of uncertainty measurement and a particular example we can extend the application range of evaluation method of measurement uncertainty and promote the popularization of new knowledge in chemistry experiment teaching.

While hydrogen peroxide was selected as decolorant to remove wood pulp pigment pollution on tiles, the effects of reaction environment, solvent and mixing ratio of decolorant and solvent were investigated in order to get decoloring solution with good effect, short decoloring time, high stability, less pollution and low cost. The results show that decoloring solution can remove wood pulp pigment pollution on tiles effectively while mixing ratio of hydrogen peroxide, ammonia and softened water is 1:1:3 and pH is about 11.7.

From the angle of training of applied talents, "Synthesis and adsorption property of thiol-functionalized polysilsesquioxane" experiment was selected as a teaching case to explicate the necessity to adopt research experiment teaching in the major of polymer materials and engineering. The teaching mode of research experiment was explored from the aspects of curriculum design and teaching process.

Modern fundamental chemistry experiments will produce exhaust gas, waste water and waste residue inevitably. It is very important for environmental education to minimize pollutant emissions from chemical experiments and design chemical experiment scientifically and environment-friendly. Several aspects of modern fundamental chemistry experiment designs are discussed. At last, a few improved measures for modern fundamental chemistry experiments are proposed.

Training middle school chemistry teachers for the country of north guangdong province is the target orientation of chemical normal speciality of shaoguan university. The way of optimizing related curricula and creating the basic and professional, integration and design, scientific inquiry and innovative experiment teaching platform was employed to build the training mode of one core, two guides, three emphases, four combinations, five integrations, six cooperations and seven adaptations. The integration of pre-service chemistry teachers education, middle school chemistry teaching practice and in-service middle school chemistry teachers training was realized.

This paper analyzes the foundation of integrated teaching of medicinal chemistry and pharmacology, illustrates the embodiment integrated teaching from five aspects: ranks of teachers, teaching program, content of theory teaching, content of experiment teaching and building-up of item pool. Speculation and outlook are also summarized. And the exploration provides a new mode and a new direction in pharmacy talent training.

The reform of basic chemistry experiment teaching for pharmacology and related majors in higher vocational college was explored. Good teaching effect was obtained by improving teaching methods, integrating experiment projects, optimizing teaching contents, arousing students' initiative, enhancing students' practical abilities, and advocating green chemistry ideas, which make chemistry experiment courses more beneficial to pharmacology, students' learning of sequential courses and students' future work.

The effects of temperature on the ion product of water K_w, and the aqueous solution acidity are discussed. The fuzzy understanding that may occur on K_w and pH criteria for the aqueous solution acidity in teaching and textbooks are analyzed. K_w is reported to significantly increase with increasing temperatures, resulting in less than and greater than pH 7.0 for neutral aqueous solution at temperatures greater than and less than 25 ℃, respectively.

The famous Cauchy-Schwarz inequality is deduced from the fundamental unequal relationship in different spaces in the nature. Considering the linear Hermitian property of the state physical operators on the Hilbert space, the uncertainty relation is derived by applying the inequality to the quantum system of microcosm. The significance of the uncertainty relation which is the objective report of the wave-particle duality of the microscopic particle and the basis for keeping the stability of atoms and even the whole world is discussed.

There are many academic problems neglected in the teaching of college chemistry, such as the stage of knowledge and the logicality of the concepts. In this paper, these problems were used to create specific examples to guide students to question, find, analysis and solve the problems, and the new methods of logic, set theory, even fuzzy set theory were used to inspire, train, and improve questioning and innovative spirit of the students effectively. At the same time, the new methods make descriptive chemistry theorized and mathematized proactively.

Reform in science education all over the world is to improve the citizens' scientific literacy. Responding to the work of Peter J.Fensham and his "Science for All" slogan and "Society's Demands on Functions of Curriculum",development of citiziens' scientific literacy has been the main task of school. His experiences gave us some enlightenment that the development of science education must meet the needs of times and society, and the reform of education is a complicated systematic project.