According to system science theory, we illustrated the definition of the effectiveness of primitive system in chemistry classrooms. Using item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis, we developed a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the effectiveness of primitive system (Ef_PrS) in chemistry classrooms, and found five key factors for indicating Ef_PrS, these are the rationality of using time (RUT), the quality of teaching behavior chain (QTBC), match degree (MD), the quality of using resource and technology (QUR&T), and rationality of primitive content (RPrC). We further employed regression analysis to establish linear regression equation between Ef_PrS and these five key factors, and found that the QTBC is the most important factor to impact the Ef_PrS. Finally, using cluster and discriminant analysis, we identified the three levels of the effectiveness of primitive systems (high efficient, mediate efficient and low efficient) in chemistry classrooms.

As one of the basic big ideas of chemistry, views of particulate nature of matter comes from specific chemical knowledge including micro structure and composition of matter, and chemical reaction mechanism. This paper discussed the three connotations of particulate nature of matter and its educational value.

Chemie heute-SekundarbereichⅠ and other three textbooks published by different education press of China were chosen to compare the contents and organization of materials for organic chemistry. In addition, for the textbook construction,some suggestions were given on experiment design, homework preparation and knowledge expending.

In the different stages such as compulsory education and high school compulsory, the orientations of classification and its application are different. This study focused on the classification and its application in course objectives, the choice and organizational characteristics of textbook content. And from the perspective of the textbooks and teaching connection, three suggestions were put forward.

Through the analysis of the process of teaching "the properties of sulfur dioxide", this article discussed the instructional design for chemistry bilingual teaching, pointed out teachers should select appropriate teaching materials, teach based on the visual experiment and inquiry question, pay attention to the changes of form and rhythm of instruction, focus on both chemical characteristics and language acquisition and application.

Based on the investigation and analysis of 12th-grade students' understanding and applications of primary battery principles, this paper proposed that it was necessary for students to understand why continuous current was generated in a primary battery from the perspective of electrode potential and mobile equilibrium, which was helpful to develop students' energy view and ability. [JP2]Taking review lessons on primary battery as an example, this study demonstrated the design of inquiry activities that promoted students to understand the essence of subject knowledge.

This paper analyzed the characteristics of students' cognitive law in the teaching of molecule to let students represent water many times, and summarized some teaching strategies combining the relevant educational theories.

Teachers' understanding of teaching freedom is not in place, which causes some improper performances such as improper use of textbook, inappropriate understanding of teaching objectives, unsuitable organization of teaching materials and irrelevant guidance for learning methods. In order to further promote teaching freedom, this paper put forward some teaching suggestions including teachers should have courage to assume teaching responsibility, understand essence of teaching and develop teaching personality.

Vivid, intuitive and dynamic microscopic representation of macro phenomena of chemistry can stimulate students' learning interests and help students understand chemical principles and rules. Graphic microscopic representation is a key method in the construction of chemical triple representation, can eliminate the alternative frameworks effectively, and is helpful for transformation and integration of chemical triple representation.

This paper constructed "Pretest Preparation-Autonomous Learning-Posttest Assessment" teaching mode, guided by Bloom's theory of effective teaching and the theory of constructivism. And the application research and effect evaluation were carried out in teaching of "writing of strange redox reaction equation", which indicated that students showed strong interest and the teaching effect was good.

This paper investigated the teaching methods of chemistry teachers in senior high schools in Jiangsu province. The results indicated that teaching methods showed the trend of diversification, the highest frequency teaching method in classroom was still detailed teaching and exercise, while inquiry teaching was the lowest frequency of use, and chemical experiment teaching was weakened in different degree.

Based on the basic interface of software and drawing basic graphics, this paper introduced innovative methods and skills on drawing complex chemical vector graphics such as flow charts, curve graphs, skeleton symbol of organics, and graphics of experimental apparatus using Word 2013 drawing tools, which provided a way of editing chemical graphics without the help of other software. Accumulation of basic graphics and creating the graphics template library could facilitate subsequent drawing.

This paper designed chemical copper plating and the production of "copper prints" on the plastic plate as case of "joint production", which established integrated teaching of experiments in the whole school, developed and utilized teaching resources, reduced the experiment cost, formed technical concept and improved the teaching efficiency.

This paper introduced four experiment design of reaction between ammonia and chlorine including experimental devices and steps. The devices of experiment design 3 and 4 were simple, the experiments were fast and easy to operate, with obvious phenomena and environment-friendly way.

This paper studied the washing steps in the experiment of preparing bromobenzene. The results indicated that oil (bromobenzene)-water stratification appeared only when the reaction mixture was quickly poured into large amounts of distilled water, thus the product could be separated. However, when the reaction mixture was added slowly into distilled water or distilled water was added into the reaction mixture, colloid formed and brought inconvenience to the experiment.

This paper introduced some phenomena of drawing chemical instrument and device in part of chemical education research papers and chemistry textbooks, such as figures were incomplete, distorted or inconsistent with principles of science and composition. Chemistry teachers should use the solid geometry knowledge, principles and techniques of art composition to draw satisfactory figures.

This paper analyzed the failure causes of the experiment of carbon reducing cupric oxide, introduced the directions and achievements of various improved experiments, and designed an innovative experiment using filter paper.

The activity on National Science Popularization Day was increasingly concerned by the public, and it was closely related to chemistry. This paper introduced origin and significance of National Science Popularization Day, themes, chemical contents and presentation forms of previous activities. At the same time, put forward some suggestions for middle school chemistry teachers.

"Fuxing" chemistry textbooks for middle school were published by the Commercial Press in the early 1930s. The textbooks which were closely connected with national conditions have a wide range of knowledge and complete system. They were widely used during the 1930s to 1940s, and were the representative textbooks in the Republican China. But they still have limitations, such as repeated contents in both junior and senior middle school textbooks, insufficient column and experiment, and chemical theories could not fully play a role in the textbooks.