Because of its rare and stable nature, gold has long been used as jewelry, currency and financial reserves, and therefore has not been applied in the chemical field. However, when gold is dispersed into nanoscale particles, it has many special physical, chemical and biological characteristics because of its surface effect and small size effect. The preparation and characteristics of gold nanoparticles are introduced. The applications of gold nanoparticles in disease screening and diagnosis, DNA recognition and detection, food safety detection, efficient and green catalysis are reviewed from the perspective of technical principles, including immunology, biochemistry, catalytic chemistry and other fields.

General Senior High School Chemistry Curriculum Standards (2017 Edition) emphasizes the educational idea of STSE. Through the experimental inquiry on the influence of iron element, oxygen and polyphenol oxidase activities on browning phenomenon in apples, this paper provided a theoretical basis for improving the use value of apples and food preservation technology, and let learners to feel the chemical knowledge in daily life and the value of scientific knowledge.

The ISPAT template is an evaluation tool developed by the National Science Foundation for the Research + Practice Collaboratory, which is developed to assess students' three-dimensional content of NGSS and help teachers develop the STEM teaching. This template adheres to the requirements of FKSE and NGSS, presents the characteristics of a flexible practice assessment path, the implementation of learning advanced theory, the detection of three dimensional targets, and the STEM literacy.The ISPAT template background, content characteristics and the example multi-component assessment tasks provided enlightenment to the curriculum reform of China:To deepen the reform of science curriculum should not only assess the implementation of the scientific research program of curriculum standards in order to promote the implementation of the standard, but also should pay attention to the construction of community practice of science education to promote the professional development of science teachers, evaluation and practice of science education should also be paid attention to improve the students' ability to solve problems.

Taking nearly four times TIMSS scientific assessment as the research object, this paper analyzes its evaluation framework and development trend. This paper also analyzes the characteristics of chemical related test questions which have been disclosed TIMSS evaluation from the aspects of test structure,knowledge and ability,information presentation and situation design,and puts forward some feasible suggestions for chemistry teaching and teaching evaluation in middle schools in China.

From the perspective of senior high school chemistry core literacy, this paper analyzed the characteristics of the experimental inquiry questions in Chengdu senior high school entrance examination in recent years from the link between the teaching content and teaching methods. Then this paper put forward suggestions for junior high school chemistry teaching based on the cultivation of chemistry discipline core literacy.

Teaching based on literacy advocates the creation of real problem situations and attaches importance to the evaluation based on the core literacy of chemistry. Based on this idea, the subject of "Application of Iron and Its Compounds" is designed. Taking iron supplement in daily life as an entry point, a variety of exploratory activities focusing on chemical experiments are carried out around ferrous oxide and ferrous sulfate existing in ferrous sulfate tablets. Through the examination of Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺ and the promotion of the teaching process of mutual transformation, with the help of teachers' questions and comments, students' mutual evaluation and students' self-evaluation and other diversified classroom evaluation methods, each student's chemistry core literacy has been developed to varying degrees.

Focusing on electrolyzing NaCl solution,this review class in senior three aims at the implementation of ability literacy,selects the real problem situation, conducts learning activities such as explain,predict, design. And the review class also shows students' understanding of the principle of electrolysis,corrects students' deviation perception,develops students' in-depth understanding of electrolyzing NaCl solution and promotes the real implementation of core literacy.

There are two correct answers to the 8th question in chemistry paper of the national college entrance examination 2018 (National Volume I), resulting in a wide range of disputes in the society, in essence, it is a dispute on the concept definition of "enzyme" in the textbooks. Taking the senior high school chemistry textbooks of the People's Education Press as an example, this paper analyzed the concept definition types and characteristics in the textbooks. It was found that there were rich concept definition types in the textbooks, but the definition type of the same concept was relatively simple, which led to the unclear connotation or extension of some concepts, and it was an important reason for the dispute. Secondly, in terms of the relationship between the concept definition type and the course topic content, the concept of "enzyme" in the textbooks was essentially an introduction to the function and effect of a class of protein like enzyme instead of the composition of enzyme. As a result, it could not be judged unilaterally that there were some errors in the concept of "enzyme" in the textbooks. Finally, this paper put forward some suggestions for the expression of concept in the textbooks as well as the teaching of teachers.

Based on General Senior High School Chemistry Curriculum Standard (2017 Edition) and the chemistry examination syllabus, the promotion of real situation in literacy-based teaching and academic evaluation on the connection of teaching, learning and examination is discussed. Through different types of teaching practice based on real situations, the links between cognitive step construction, theme research task development, textbook content integration, situational unit curriculum construction and social life, production practice, scientific research, experimental inquiry are effectively elaborated. Accordingly, driving tasks for students is set. In the process of solving practical problems, the teaching design strategies of constructing a relational and developmental knowledge framework and cognitive model are made and literacy-based teaching cases are presented.

This paper introduced chemistry classroom teaching based on Popper's theory of falsification with examples. The specific teaching forms included:When teaching presupposition was inconsistent with generation, used the verification or falsification to verify; the teaching conflict was embedded in the teaching design, and gave students the opportunity to prove it; made full use of the experimental inquiry function, enhanced the understanding of principle through falsification; when guiding students to study independently and cooperatively, they questioned and discussed the falsification. The Popper's theory of falsification has some enlightening effect on chemistry teaching:developing students' critical thinking is the proper meaning of chemistry teaching; it is an important duty of chemistry teaching to cultivate students' innovative consciousness.

This paper established 3C-FIAS classroom teaching behavior variable norms by choosing 90 high-quality chemistry classes in national high-quality class competition as norm samples. In addition, the applicability, scientificalness and practicability of the proposed norms in this paper were well demonstrated. Finally, following the special sequences proposed by Flanders, 3C-FIAS special sequences norms were established.

Comparing with the differences and commonness of safety rules of Sino-Russian high school chemistry laboratory, this paper discussed the value orientation of training students' experimental ability in experiment teaching, and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages that existed in the high school chemistry experiment teaching in our country, and then put forward some feasible suggestions to optimize our chemical experiment teaching.

This paper improved the experiment of candle burning, the candle was placed in liquid sealed gas collecting bottle, which could verify various products at the same time. Besides, white smoke could be rekindled more easily. What's more, heat-treated carbon could make acidic potassium permanganate solution fade.

In crystal preparation, ethanol is frequently employed to remove the moisture on the crystal surfaces. However, this process could severely oxidize the products due to the dissolved oxygen in ethanol. Herein, by taking the preparation of ammonium ferrous sulfate crystals as an example, we proposed and demonstrated that the deoxidized ethanol could largely enhance the quality of the easy-oxidized crystals.

Through experiments, it was observed that aluminum and sodium carbonate solutions could react and bubbled out. Therefore, this paper designed several groups of comparative experiments and analyzed theoretically. At room temperature, it was found that aluminum could react with sodium carbonate solution (pH ≥ 8.8) with the concentration of more than 6.5×10^-6 mol/L, and generated four hydroxy aluminum acid sodium, sodium bicarbonate and hydrogen.

According to the litmus solution containing carbon dioxide failed to restore purple by heating, this paper revealed the nature that hydrogen chloride and water could form azeotropic solution, and obtained that the impurity of hydrogen chloride could not be removed by boiling the solution.

This paper briefly introduced the history and characteristics of American National Chemistry Week, then highlighted the experiment of "Chemistry Is Out of This World", and briefly explained activities such as scientific reading, interviewing future chemists and so on. Combined with this activity characteristics and the reality of chemical education in China, several enlightenments were obtained:(1) designing experiments to strengthen evidence awareness; (2) encouraging practice to deepen understanding of the nature of chemistry; (3)building model to highlight project-based learning; (4)synergizing education to promote the combination of science and education; (5)emphasizing reading to focus on subject dynamics; (6)integrating technology to cultivate atomic thinking.

Chemistry-related stamps of the People's Republic of China are important literatures of history of chemistry and useful resources of chemical education. Based on the definition and classification of chemistry-related stamps of the People's Republic of China, the aim of this paper is to discuss stamps' application value of education in the history of chemistry, textbook illustrations, classroom teaching and the design of college entrance examination questions. The advices of chemistry-related stamp issuance and application in future are given.