In this paper, progress in supercritical fluid chromatography instrument research and development is summarized. The research progresses of five parts that make up supercritical fluid chromatography in recent years are introduced. It highlights the characteristics of supercritical fluid chromatography in terms of temperature control and pressure control, which is different from other liquid chromatography equipments.

The metal elements are classified into four categories: main group, Ⅷ, lanthanides and other d regions. The role of metal elements in the utilization of hydrogen energy, including production, storage and hydrogen fuel cells is reviewed. The incomplete statistics of the existing research results show that among the 65 metal elements in the periodic table of elements, except radioactive metal elements, 46 metal elements take part in the process of hydrogen energy utilization in the form of elementary substances, alloys, oxides, salts and other forms, including as carriers, reactants, catalysts, etc. Among them, d-block elements represented by platinum group and light lanthanon represented by lanthanum are most widely used.

Based on the requirements of the certification standards for engineering education, the course syllabus of analytical chemistry experiment was standardized combined with the characteristics of pharmaceutical engineering. In order to standardize the teaching, the major applicability was highlighted, the teaching requirement was associated with the teaching content and evaluation. The quantified indexes of evaluation and continuous improvement were also added in the standardized course syllabus. The standard syllabus would provide clear direction for experiment teaching, decrease the difference in different teachers, and ensure the teaching quality. It can be taken as a reference for continuous improvement standard system for engineering experiment teaching.

The structure and electronic properties of ZH₃, ZH⁺₄ and ZH₄X (Z=N, P, As, Sb, Bi, X=F, Cl, Br, I) are investigated by MP2/def2-TZVP method. The results show that with the increase of the atomic number of the nitrogen group element, the s component in the center atomic hybrid orbital of its hydride (ZH₃) decreases, while the p component increases gradually, and the degree of the hybridized orbital deviating from the plane increases successively, resulting in the most “plane” of NH₃ spatial configuration and the most “cone” of BiH₃. Although the lone pair electrons provided by an unequal sp³ hybridized orbital of Z in ZH₃ are formed with H⁺in cationic ZH⁺₄, four H—Z bonds are equivalent in ZH⁺₄, and Z presents an isotropic sp³ hybridization. ZH₄X is a tetrahedral structure with C_3v symmetry, and the compound driving force between ZH₃ and HX comes from the ionic hydrogen bond (H₃Z…H^*—X) rather than the electrostatic interaction between ZH⁺₄ and X^－ (ZH⁺₄X^－). The main driving force of the molecule is the electron transfer from LP₁(Z) to σ^*(H^*—X).

Numerous allotropes of silicon are comprehensively summarized in this paper, which can be divided into different phases of silicon nanocrystal, nanostructured silicons, silicon cluster and silene. The existence, composition, structure, preparation and properties of various allotropes are briefly described. The role of computational chemistry in the prediction of allotropes and the role of the development of modern science and technology in the preparation of allotropes and their applications in materials are also emphasized.

Due to the surface tension, there is a pressure difference across the curved surface. The pressure difference of Δp can be calculated by the Young-Laplace equation. The examples for the application of the Young-Laplace equation is rarely introduced in the most of textbook at home and abroad. Therefore, the general form for calculation of the Laplace pressure across the curved surface is introduced in present work as well as its application.

This experiment embarked from the reality, based on electro-thermal method, an improved device for heat capacity was designed, processed and assembled. Compared to traditional calorimeter, a copper sample tube was designed and installed in an inner cylinder, which broaden the scope of the sample. The weak thermal conductivity solid sodium chloride (NaCl) sample was mixed with good thermal conductivity zinc before testing, which made the temperature distribution of the NaCl sample more uniform than pure NaCl. The heat capacity of NaCl was tested to be 0.86 J/(g·K). According to this experiment, it helps the students to achieve a preliminary understanding of heat capacity, and raise their practical ability in designing and assembling experimental device.

Focusing on the experimental phenomenon of detection of drinking water quality with domestic water electrolyzer, the chemical preparation experiment of Fe₃O₄ was designed by anodizing and coprecipitation which aimed to investigate the composition of the electrolysis products. The experimental steps included the preparation of Fe₃O₄ magnetic materials, and the influencing factors on the synthesis of Fe₃O₄. The composition, morphology and magnetic information of the obtained products by X-ray powder diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample and magnetometer. The experiment was carried out with strong practicality by extracting scientific materials in life, blended inorganic and analytical chemistry, nanomaterial preparation and analysis and testing technology. In the experimental project, the student-centered experimental teaching session was implemented to cultivate knowledge transformation and innovative ability, and enhance professional culture self-confidence of college students.

The adsorption process of solid surface in physical chemistry was studied with peanut shell as the adsorbent and Pb²⁺ as the simulated pollutant. The effects of Pb²⁺ initial concentration and adsorption temperature were investigated. The kinetics, thermodynamics and activation energy of adsorption reaction on solid surface were studied. The results showed that the adsorption kinetics of Pb²⁺ on peanut shell surface was in accordance with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model at different Pb²⁺ initial concentration. It is shown that the adsorption process was an adsorption process in which chemical adsorption was the control step. Thermodynamics results showed that Pb²⁺ adsorption on peanut shell surface was a spontaneous exothermic process and the entropy of the system decreased because Pb²⁺ changed from three-dimensional motion to two-dimensional motion. Activation energy E_{a=31.35 kJ·mol^-1 proved again that the adsorption of Pb²⁺ on the surface of peanut shell was a chemical adsorption process. These results verified the adsorption behavior of solid surface in physical chemistry teaching well. Students’ understanding of solid surface adsorption process was deepened through the expansion experiment. At the same time, the ability of scientific and technological innovation of students was cultivated.}

In order to effectively improve the learning enthusiasm and effect of students during the process of chemical experiment, herein, a comprehensive chemical experiment, color-changing sensing metal-organic framework, had been recommended. The carefully designed experiment combines the advanced scientific research field with the basic knowledge, which would be useful for the students to understand the frontier research topic and learn the basic knowledge. Furthermore, the whole experiment involves the synthesis of organic matter, preparation of metal-organic framework in inorganic field, along with the manipulation of infrared, thermogravimetric, X-ray powder diffraction, UV-Vis and other instruments. In view of the wide coverage of this experiment, the designed experiment should be arranged as one comprehensive chemical experiment for senior undergraduates.

Pyrimethamine (Trade name: Daraprim) is an antiparasitic drug. We improved its synthetic method and developed it into an innovative experiment for teaching. With KO^tBu as the base and ethyl propionate as an acylation reagent, (4-chlorophenyl)acetonitrile was easily converted to the enol precursor, which can be selectively methylated with Me₃O·BF₄ to provide the methyl enol ether. After the cyclization step with guanidine carbonate under basic conditions, the obtained pyrimethamine was recrystallized from ethanol, and characterized by IR and NMR analysis. This modified synthetic procedure features good reproducibility, convenient operations, low toxicity and microscale compatibility. Through the training of this experiment, the students not only improved their experimental skills and scientific thinking, but also enhanced their ability of innovation and awareness of environmental issues.

Based on the concept of OBE, an innovative experimental project of synthesis and properties of ionic iridium complexes was implemented. Two cationic iridium(Ⅲ) complexes were synthesized with 2-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridine and 1-(4-fluorophenyl)isoquinoline as cyclometalated ligands, 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine as neutral ligands and hexafluorophosphate as anions. The two complexes exhibit green and red phosphorescence emission with quantum efficiencies up to 85% and 73%, respectively. The conduction of the project is student-centered and contacts closely with the research focus and students’ theoretical knowledge. Meanwhile, the conduction of the project can not only stimulate students’ research interests and innovative ability, but also improve their comprehensive experimental ability. Therefore, good results has been achieved in the conduction of the project.

According to the issues such as poor cultural foundation, poor study habits and poor learning initiative of students existed in chemistry teaching of preschoolnormal university, the effective strategy on chemistry teaching is put forward by the author based on many years of teaching practice and previous studies, and from three aspects: solving students’ ideological problem, creating a harmonious and orderly teaching order in class, and improving teaching pertinently.

This article discusses the integration of courses for ideological and political education into the specialized courses teaching. The teaching implementation, teaching evaluation and teaching reflection of the courses for ideological and political education are presented by using the teaching practice of coordination compound in medical chemistry course as an example. This paper may serve as references for higher vocational colleges to carry out the reform of courses for ideological and political education.

The main objective of this experiment was to immobilize heavy metals in contaminated farmland soils using three kinds of different amendments, and the steps included samples preparation, pH determination, the measurements of the total and effective concentrations of heavy metals. Students need to master the operating rules of electronic balance, pH meter, microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry during the experiment. After class, they need to process data using the curing rate formula, evaluate the stabilization effect of different modifiers, and further analyze the mechanism of remediation. This experiment can not only improve undergraduates’ basic experimental skills, but also make them use the knowledge to solve practical application problems. Furthermore, the experiment may also arouse the students’ interests to explore the advances in chemistry, so as to expand and innovate.

The comprehensive chemistry experiment for synthesis and characterization of new surfactant was designed by combining professional comprehensive experiment with scientific research achievements. Hydroxyl groups were introduced into the molecular structure of surfactants to study the performance change of the surfactant. Synthesis, purification, structure characterization and property determination of organic compounds were involved in the experiment. The research frontier of chemistry was integrated into the fundamental knowledge and experimental skills of organic chemistry, so as to enhance students’ experimental skills, broaden their cognitive horizon, cultivate their comprehensive quality.

From the perspective of “successful entrepreneur” and “college teachers”, the original materials were obtained based on in-depth interviews with multiple cases. The grounded theory research method is used to analyze and draw their suggestions on the needs and talent training methods of innovative chemistry talents in applied chemistry. The research puts forward the model of ship-based talent training, which is driven by teaching reflection, innovation and entrepreneurship as the development direction, and implements the curriculum system of “knowledge+method+general knowledge”.

Electrode potentials are fundamental to learn electrochemistry, yet many students struggle to develop a complex understanding of its meaning and use. This paper showed the sophisticated application of equilibrium electrode potentials to simplify the problems in the equilibrium systems, which ultimately help students to develop a deeper conceptual understanding of the topic.

Nanomaterials have large specific surface area and exhibit different properties from bulk materials. In this paper, the experiments demonstrate that the hydrogen terminated silicon nanowires can accelerate the oxidation rate of copper. This process may be explained by the surface doping effect. Surface doping is a phenomenon of chemical property changes caused by size decrease of materials, which we hope may find wide applications in various fields of chemistry.

Borenol, as a secondary metabolite that widely exists in nature, can be prepared via camphor reduction. However, due to its high reducibility which induces an easy oxidation process to form camphor, borenol is most commonly prepared using borohydride in laboratory. Two isomers are formed in this process, and one of the products isoborneol can be separated through kinetics control to make the reaction irreversible. This organic experiment has been well designed and already introduced in higher institutions at North America and European countries. In contrast, the current domestic lab manuals only contain a simper version such as cyclohexanone (or other similar single molecules) reduction, which fails to highlight the practicability of chemistry in problem-solving in the real world and is unable to attract students’ attention. This experiment can work as a great reference for experimental design in organic chemistry curriculum.