Due to the radiance of the sun, vitality permeates life. The vividness of existence is intricately woven with pigments. From the delicate hues of peach red to the verdant shades of willow green, and the ethereal contrasts of castle peak white against flowing water, what we often take for granted are in fact a series of astute chemical metamorphoses orchestrated by the ingenious utilization of light by living organisms. Through the intricate interplay between light and pigments, the structural configurations of these chromatic entities are profoundly altered, setting in motion a cascade of chemical transformations within the biological realm, thereby enabling the human eye to discern a diverse spectrum of substances. In order to unravel the intricate mechanism governing the dynamic interaction between light and pigments in living organisms, this discourse endeavors to provide a comprehensive elucidation of the intricacies underlying the photoinduced chemical metamorphosis of various classes of pigment molecules within the biological milieu.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) can effectively convert mechanical energy in the environment into electrical energy for direct use or energy storage. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been intensively investigated in improving the performance of TENG due to their unique tunable structural properties, which can increase the effective contact area of electrodes. In this paper, the structural design advantages of MOFs-based TENG are presented, and the effects of MOFs microstructures on enhancing the output performance of TENG are explained. Four typical structures of MOFs materials are elaborated in detail, and their methods and applications for enhanced output performance in friction power generation are presented. The summary looks forward to the advantageous features of MOF-TENG in commercialisation and the possible applications, which is a step forward for the grounded practicality.

Extensive attention has been paid to the novel pyrene-based chromophores with wide applications in the fields of organic optoelectronic and functional materials. As a promising photoactive polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, pyrene features the merits of easy functionalization modification, high luminescence efficiency, and versatile photophysical properties, etc. This article focuses on the effects induced by some different substituents on the conjugated pyrene moieties, elucidates the relationship between molecular functional structures and their photophysical properties. It will help for the design and preparation of high-performance organic chromophores containing pyrenyl units.

The addition and subtraction rules of significant figures in some textbooks of Analytical Chemistry exhibit a diversity of expressions. By splitting, contrasting, and generalizing the subjects, predicates, and objects of these rules, it identifies two categories of rules with completely different meanings (polysemy), Rule I, which contains “the decimal places in the calculation result”, and Rule Ⅱ, which involves “the significant figures in the calculation result”. Rule Ⅱ is discussed in more detail, revealing that it is inadequately expression, imprecise logic and polysemy. Research into the polysemy issue of Rule Ⅱ indicates the following: Firstly, Neither the decimal places nor the significant figures of the key numbers can determine “the number of significant digits of the operation result”. Secondly, the key numbers can only determine the decimal places in the calculated result. Thirdly, the addition and subtraction results must have a specific “significant number”, but this “significant number” has no direct causal relationship with the key number. Fourth, the fundamental issue with Rule Ⅱ is that it defines the subject as “the number of significant digits in the calculation result”. Finally, it is suggested to revise Rule Ⅱ or adopt Rule I uniformly.

The catalyst has the characteristics of reducing the activation energy of the reaction and accelerating the reaction rate. Catalysis chemistry is an important branch in the field of physical chemistry. Catalysis action principles are the basis of catalysis chemistry knowledge.The L-cysteine oxidation reaction experiment under the catalysis of KI was designed for students’ understanding concretely the principles. The effect of the catalyst was verified by the two variables of temperature and catalyst; the intermediate species was detected with a chameleon reaction, understanding how catalyst alter reaction pathways; it was validated that the catalyst do not alter the thermodynamics properties of equilibrium constant and Gibbs free energy of the reactionby means of the primary battery electromotive force (EMF) measurement. Through this experiment, the principle of catalyst action is demonstrated vividly. The knowledge of kinetics, catalytic chemistry, and electrochemistry will be integrated to consolidate students’ theoretical knowledge and exercise using their knowledge ability in the experiment. The measurement device of electromotive force for a non-metal redox reaction battery was designed, which stimulated the students’ innovation ability.

Experiments on the preparation and reaction of benzyne include relevant knowledge of benzyne and Diels-Alder reaction, and is an important organic training experiment in universities. In the current experimental plan, anthranilic acid is used as the material to prepare substituted aryl diazonium, which is then thermally decomposed to produce benzyne, and the benzyne undergo Diels-Alder reaction with anthracene. However, anthranilic acid belongs to the category 1 precursor chemicals, and its sales and use are strictly regulated. At the same time, there are many shortcomings in the current experimental plan, such as potential explosion risk, the need to use hazardous chemicals, difficulty in purification and cumbersome operations. The improved experimental scheme overcomes the shortcomings by changing the benzyne precursor and the capture reagent. Moreover, the materials are easily available, the duration is appropriate, the reaction condition is mild, and the reaction is reproducible, making it suitable for undergraduate experiments. In addition, exploratory learning was introduced by the design of controlled experiments. This is beneficial for the improvement of students’ comprehensive abilities and the cultivation of scientific thinking.

In the polymer chemistry experiment, the process of preparing superabsorbent in industrial production is simulated, that is, the polymerization reaction with low energy consumption and high efficiency is carried out under the conditions of high monomer concentration, non-constant temperature, no stirring, and oxygen removal. The gel is extruded and granulated, and the surface crosslinking is treated. This experimental improvement is closer to industrial production, filling the gap in the existing experimental textbook content, and is beneficial for students to strengthen the application and understanding of professional knowledge. At the same time, this experiment aims to improve the benchmarking of the production line, deepen the reform of the education mode, and enhance the quality and skill level of students’ training.

In this work, a teaching experiment was designed to tune CO₂ capture mechanisms of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) using hydrogen bond donors. The hydrogen bond acceptor used for the synthesis of DESs was tetraethylammonium 4-methoxyphenoate ([Et₄N][4-MP]), and the hydrogen bond donors were ethylene glycol (EG) and imidazole (Im). The characterization results of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) indicated that [Et₄N][4-MP]∶EG (1∶2, molar ratio) and [Et₄N][4-MP]∶Im (1∶2) featured different carbon capture mechanism. CO₂ reacted with both the anion [4-MP]^- and EG contained in the solvent [Et₄N][4-MP]∶EG (1∶2). However, CO₂ reacted with the anion [4-MP] ^- in the solvent [Et₄N][4-MP]∶Im (1∶2), but did not react with Im in the system. Through this experiment, students’ quality in literature retrieval, experiment operation, and spectra analysis will be trained, and students can recognize and understand the important impact of compounds’ structure on reaction mechanisms and learn the hot topic of “double carbon” at the same time, which is conducive to stimulating their learning interest and cultivating their scientific research ability.

PCK is an important concept in the field of teacher education. Based on the original ideas of PCK proposed by Shulman, this study designed interview protocols, investigated the pre-service chemistry teachers’ conceptions of PCK, and tried to build a PCK model of pre-service chemistry teachers in China by taking grounded theory coding. The study found that the PCK of pre-service chemistry teachers included 10 components, which were divided into the topic-specific PCK and the general PCK. There were some similarities as well as differences between the PCK model of pre-service chemistry teachers in China and the international PCK models. In addition, pre-service chemistry teachers paid most attention to knowledge of instructional strategies and students’ characteristics, but seldom mentioned knowledge of assessment, knowledge of resources and teachers’ affect.

In view of the problems existing in traditional Chinese medicinal chemistry experiment teaching,this paper constructs a progressive experimental teaching system of “basic experiment-comprehensive experiment-professional designed experiment”, introduces modern teaching resources, constructs a reasonable experimental assessment system, and expands school enterprise cooperation based on the purpose of cultivating high-quality composite innovative skilled talents. Through the reform of experimental teaching, it promotes students’ innovative application ability, which achieves the dual improvement of course teaching quality and students’ comprehensive literacy.

The fundamental task of establishing moral virtues and cultivating people is implemented fully. Based on the training objectives of Chinese pharmaceutical talents, according to students’ cognitive basis and objectives of course ideology and politics, elements of course ideology and politics such as Marxist philosophy principles, scientific spirit, humanistic quality, traditional culture, knowledge of fighting the epidemic, and the cultural confidence education of traditional Chinese medicine are explored in the teaching of organic chemistry of Chinese pharmacy. Based on outcome-based education (OBE) theory, R/S configuration teaching is taken as an example to demonstrate the implementation approach of course ideology and politics and the cultural confidence education of traditional Chinese medicine. We can realize the unity of knowledge imparting, value shaping and ability cultivation, build a comprehensive system of the whole process and all-round education, nurture Chinese pharmaceutical talents of both integrity and ability with strong culture confidence in traditional Chinese medicine.

This experiment aims to address the scientific issue of rapid and accurate discrimination of pyrotechimcin explosion cases, and improves the shortcomings of incomplete information and high misjudgment rate of single inspection methods (scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy) in the original experimental textbooks; Introducing infrared spectroscopy to test the types of oxygen-containing salts and conducting direct qualitative analysis of the oxidant and reducing agent components in pyrotechnic compositions. The dual instrument analysis method improves the accuracy of detection results and provides technical support for litigation evidence. The improvement of this experiment has increased students’ scientific innovation ability, expanded their comprehensive analytical thinking, and established a standardized awareness of appraisal in the context of trial as the center.

Electrode potential is an important physical quantity and basic data in the teaching of basic chemistry courses. By deeply integrating modern information Python technology with electrode potential teaching, we have independently developed a graphical user interface (GUI) electrode potential calculator. Based on the two basic quantitative relationships of material balance and charge balance, combined with specific application examples, using the electrode reduction reaction of electric pairs and Nernst equation of electrode potential, this paper first introduces two ways for calculators to quickly calculate and obtain electrode potential in non-standard states, starting from standard electrode potential and conditional electrode potential, respectively. Afterwards, we focused on the estimation of the conditional electrode potential under the presence of salt effect or side reactions, such as acid effect, precipitation generation effect and complex generation effect. The interface design of the electrode potential calculator is simple, easy to operate, and has strong openness, flexibility, and universality. It does not require installation and professional programming knowledge, and can be directly run on the Windows platform, making it easy for teachers to teach and students to learn independently.

Petrochemical technology is a bridge course between theory and practice. The case of “the production of ethylene glycol by reactive distillation” was used in the teaching of green chemical technology. The chemical simulation software Aspen Plus was also introduced to simulate and optimize the direct hydration process and reactive distillation process. The energy consumption and environmental impact of the two processes were discussed according the simulation results. This teaching method can strengthen the understanding of petrochemical technology course of students. And it can improve the students’ project practical ability and energy-saving awareness.

Taking VESTA software as an example to discuss the integrated application of three-dimensional visualization software in the teaching of crystal materials, emphasizing its role as a bridge between abstract concepts and image cognition. The three-dimensional visualization function of VESTA is beneficial for understanding teaching content such as crystal structure, lattice parameters, and symmetry operations, realizes immersive teaching methods and improves student participation. In the teaching of electronic structure, VESTA is used to display the charge distribution, so that students can understand abstract concepts such as energy levels, energy bands and density of states. Specifically, the innovative methods, potential challenges and coping strategies for integrating VESTA into the teaching of crystal materials are analyzed. In summary, VESTA visualization software is expected to change the teaching methods of chemistry and materials disciplines such as crystal and electronic structure by promoting interactive learning, visual understanding, and independent exploration. This integration enables students to effectively interpret the complexity of crystal materials.

During many years of teaching analytical chemistry, it is found that a large number of students have some confused problems in retention of significant figures and selection of measuring instruments, that is, they cannot correctly retain significant figures when recording and processing data, and cannot select the measuring instruments with appropriate accuracy in the experiment. This article analyzes and discusses these issues and proposes corresponding teaching strategies, hoping to help students clarify these confused problems and apply them correctly and flexibly.

In 1798, the French chemist Vauquelin based on the analysis of “beryl and emerald”, caught the signs of the unknown element and put forward the beryllium element hypothesis; In the 19th century, the establishments of the atom-molecular theory and the periodic table of elements determined the atomic weight of beryllium, formed the symbolic representation of “Be”, and promoted the development of the beryllium hypothesis. In 1898, French chemist LeBeau successfully prepared beryllium metal element by electrolysis, which confirmed the beryllium element hypothesis. In the 1920s, the discovery of beryllium isotopes led to a new understanding of beryllium element. In short, the discovery history of beryllium element and its isotopes is not only the process of the formation and development of the concept of beryllium element, but also the crystallization of the progress of scientific thought and scientific methods.