Many living organisms on Earth have the ability to emit visible light.After nearly 100 years of experimental research and decades of theoretical research,the phenomenon of bioluminescence has gained a preliminary understanding of the microscopic mechanism and has achieved various practical applications.In order to enable more chemists to understand the phenomenon of bioluminescence and the complex chemical processes and general reaction mechanisms involved,this article starts with clarifying relevant concepts and definitions,and briefly summarizes the history and progress of experimental and theoretical research in this field.Understanding the mechanism of a series of chemical reactions in bioluminescence is key to comprehending bioluminescence and modifying bioluminescence systems for specific practical applications.Subsequently,the article takes firefly bioluminescence as an example and divides its complete luminescence process into six stages,supplemented by the latest research results for a brief analysis.Finally,the article summarized the current research hotspots and prospects in this field.

Based on the emerging achievements in the field of chemical philosophy in recent years,a six dimensional epistemological system of chemistry has been constructed,which includes the practicality of chemical thinking,the duality of chemical concepts,the approximation of chemical laws,the relative autonomy of chemical theories,the asymmetry of chemical language,and the structural interpretation of chemistry.And preliminarily explored its chemical education implications from both ontology and tool perspectives.

The“5C”teaching philosophy focuses on fostering innovation and practical skills in“top talents”in chemistry major.By integrating Chemistry practice,Cross-discipline,Comprehensive ability cultivation,City development suggestion,and Characteristic guidance,a multidimensional teaching mode has been established to bridge theory and practice.The course,centered on water quality survey,employs diverse methods such as heuristic and inquiry-based teaching,combined with modern technologies such as 3D printing and drones.This approach highlights pathways for cultivating core competencies,including professional skills,critical thinking,creative thinking,and a sense of social responsibility.This study provides an innovative teaching mode and practical reference for cultivating top chemistry talents in the new era.

The course English for chemistry-related majors plays a critical role in enhancing undergraduate students' professional English proficiency and research literacy.However,traditional teaching modes often face challenges such as insufficient practical engagements,low learning interest,and slow improvement in language application skills.To address these issues,this paper proposes the innovative “Five-Style Learning Method,” which includes oral dialogue,elevator speech,literature reading,abstract writing,and group presentation.This method aims to improve undergraduate students' comprehensive abilities through diverse teaching activities.The teaching practice based on this approach was implemented at the College of Biological and Chemical Engineering,Qilu Institute of Technology,and systematically analyzed through questionnaires,classroom observations,and test data.The results indicate that the “Five-Style Learning Method” significantly enhances undergraduate students' academic communication skills and professional English proficiency,increases classroom engagement and learning interests,and fosters research literacy and teamwork capabilities.An analysis of its applicability across different educational stages reveals that the “Five-Style Learning Method” is feasible for both undergraduate and graduate education but requires appropriate adjustments based on learners' characteristics.Furthermore,reflections on teaching suggest that there is still room for optimization in instructional design,time allocation,and evaluation methods.This study provides new insights into the reform of professional courses and contributes practical experience to improving undergraduate students' research abilities and professional competence.

This article addresses the abstract and difficult to understand concepts in the first chapter of structural chemistry,which covers the fundamentals of quantum mechanics.Considering the characteristics of students' knowledge structure,it proposes to visualize familiar knowledge for students,thereby introducing new concepts.We also explain experimental phenomena and clarify computational results in a graphical manner,effectively reducing the difficulty for students to learn the theoretical framework of quantum mechanics.On this basis,by using a comparative approach,from macroscopic objects to microscopic particles,and from Newtonian mechanics to quantum mechanics,students can understand the basic concepts and framework structure of quantum mechanics in the same way they understand the motion characteristics of macroscopic objects in Newtonian mechanics,and learn to naturally apply the theory of quantum mechanics to consider the motion of particles in the microscopic world.

This comprehensive experiment focuses on cutting-edge scientific research in stem cell drug screening,organically integrating important scientific research techniques such as cell culture,in vitro pharmacodynamics screening and evaluation,and cell activity detection methods.It keeps abreast of new research developments and embodies the teaching principle of“relying on and integrating scientific research”.The experiment is designed to be innovative,comprehensive,and expandable.Taking the pharmacodynamics evaluation experiment of Stemazole as an example,students undergo a series of coherent training including research design,experiment implementation,data statistics,result analysis,report writing,and achievement presentation.Through this process,students personally experience the essence of scientific research,deepen their understanding of basic theories,enhance their practical abilities and problem-solving skills,and stimulate their enthusiasm and interest in engaging in scientific research work.After more than a decade of teaching accumulation,a blended teaching method combining virtual and practical elements has been formed.The entire experimental process is highly open,providing students with sufficient freedom to fully exert their subjective initiative.This has produced good teaching effects,promoted the improvement of experimental teaching quality,and contributed to the cultivation of top-notch innovative talents.

We integrated DNA nanotechnology into experimental teaching and designed an innovative experiment. In our experiment,we utilized the“open”and“closed”states of a DNA nanoswitch to represent 0 and 1 respectively.By adding RNA single strands,we prepared four types of DNA nanoswitches.The binary expression of numbers 0-9 is achieved through the differential migration rates of the switches in agarose gel electrophoresis,while the password is encrypted using RNase A's specific action on RNA.Subsequently,the password is decrypted and read using DNA single strands.This experiment successfully integrates binary algorithms from information science into DNA nanotechnology,enabling students not only to master relevant knowledge and experimental skills in DNA nanotechnology but also experience a new method of information encryption and decryption.

Industrial intelligence and automation have become an inevitable trend with the rapid development of artificial intelligence and data science.According to Emerging Engineering Education(3E)requirements for training chemical professionals,combined with the national major strategy of “green development”,a comprehensive experiment for optimizing photocatalytic treatment of antibiotic wastewater by machine learning was designed to solve problems(such as obscure theoretical knowledge and complicated calculation formulas)in Chemical Reaction Engineering course.Based on the integration of theory and experiment,it aims to help students deeply understand the chemical reaction mechanism and optimize the reaction process conditions assisted by artificial intelligence.The experimental principle,educational objective and evaluation method are described.The implementation process of the comprehensive experiment is clarified.The results of model training,process parameter optimization and verification experiment are discussed.Through this comprehensive experiment,students learned engineering knowledge such as chemical industry,environment and computer,mastered the method of solving complex chemical engineering problems with a new generation of information technology,and build interaction and integration scientific research and environmental awareness.

The UV-Vis absorption spectra of symmetric tetrazine(1,2,4,5-tetrazine,Sym-Tz)and 3,6-dimethyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazine(DM-sym-Tz)were remeasured.Compared with those in vapor,both ππ* and nπ* bands in non-polar cyclohexane produce red-shift due to the electrostatic polarization effect.The two compounds exhibit typical solvatochromism behavior,that is,as the solvent polarity increases,the ππ* band undergoes a red shift and the nπ* band produces a blue shift,resulting from the equilibrium between electrostatic polarization and stronger solute-solvent interaction,for example,orientation polarization effect,or even hydrogen bonding.Moreover,the nπ* and ππ* bands exhibit complete absorption spectra without overlapping with each other.As a typical example of solvent effects in analytical chemistry textbooks,from non-polar cyclohexane to strongly polar water,the influence of solvent polarity on both the ππ* and nπ* absorption bands can be demonstrated simultaneously.By computational chemistry,the vibration modes corresponding to the fine structure of nπ* bands were demonstrated.As a teaching content of spectroscopy experiments for undergraduate and even graduate,it is easy to operate and accompanied by obvious visible color changes,from light purple in the vapor phase to purple red in cyclohexane and red in water,which is more likely to arouse interest of students in learning solvent effects.

This paper introduces an innovative teaching experiment that integrates the scanning electrochemical microscopy(SECM)into the comprehensive experimental curriculum for undergraduate majors,aiming to bridge the gap between basic education and cutting-edge scientific research.This experiment systematically elaborates the imaging principle of SECM,guides students to undertake tasks such as the preparation,characterization,and preliminary application experiments involving ultramicroelectrodes,demonstrates the operational principles of SECM,and instructs students to conduct data analysis.By integrating SECM technology into experimental teaching,it not only enriches the experimental content,improves students' understanding of electrochemical knowledge,but also develops their experimental skills and innovative thinking.This paper demonstrates the potential of SECM in education and scientific research,provides a forward-thinking practical platform for nurturing future talents in the renewable energy sector.

In current physical chemistry laboratory textbooks,the classic refractive index method is commonly used for quantitative determination of gas and liquid phase composition in the experiment of“Gas-Liquid Equilibrium Phase Diagram of a Binary Liquid System”.This work innovatively introduces infrared spectroscopy to quantitatively determine the composition of gas and liquid phases.By utilizing attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR)spectroscopy technology,combined with a home-designed infrared liquid cell,and selecting suitable infrared characteristic absorption peak of the binary liquid system,a linear relationship between the absorbance of characteristic infrared peak and the composition of the solution is established,successfully enabling infrared quantitative analysis of gas and liquid phase solution compositions,which is then used to construct the phase diagram.This teaching innovation,while maintaining the classical content of the laboratory course,introduces modern spectroscopic technology,making physical chemistry laboratory course teaching more in line with the requirements of the new era.

A survey was conducted among 272 chemistry teacher education students at a university in Nantong using the“Green Chemistry and Sustainable Development Awareness Questionnaire”.The results showed that the students performed well overall in terms of green chemistry and sustainable development awareness,but there were imbalances in certain dimensions.In terms of green chemistry awareness,students had relatively low levels of understanding in the dimensions of atom economy and reduce derivatives.In terms of sustainable development awareness,students scored relatively low in the economic dimension.Significant differences were found between male and female students in all dimensions of sustainable development awareness and some dimensions of green chemistry awareness.However,no significant differences were found among students of different grades in any dimensions of green chemistry and sustainable development awareness.A significant positive correlation was found between green chemistry awareness and sustainable development awareness.Moreover,six dimensions of green chemistry awareness, designing safer chemicals,use of renewable feedstocks,design for degradation,design for energy efficiency,real-time analysis for pollution prevention,and inherently safer chemistry for accident prevention,were found to significantly predict sustainable development consciousness.Based on these findings,it is recommended to strengthen the teaching of weak dimensions in green chemistry awareness,pay attention to gender differences,integrate green chemistry with sustainable development education,and enhance practical teaching to improve the teacher education system.

Current inquiry-based learning in pharmaceutical analysis faces challenges such as lack of innovation in inquiry topic design,insufficient dynamic support during implementation,and inadequate evaluation plan design.With its powerful content generation ability and the advantage of carrying out multiple rounds of meaningful dialogues,Artificial Intelligence in Generative Content(AIGC)can effectively collaborate with teachers to carry out diversified and precise instructional design,and assist students in completing in-depth inquiry learning.Based on the concept of generative inquiry learning,this study constructs an overall framework of generative inquiry learning for pharmaceutical analysis courses,elaborates the specific implementation process from the aspects of human-computer collaborative teaching design and student inquiry perspectives,and proposes a comprehensive evaluation plan incorporating AIGC application ability assessment.The practical application of the pharmaceutical analysis course shows that this mode can significantly improve students' inquiry learning performance,comprehensive analysis ability,learning interest and self-confidence,effectively promote the achievement of in-depth learning,and can provide a useful reference for the optimization of teaching modes in the era of artificial intelligence.

Food chemistry not only focuses on the material structure and functional characteristics of food,but also deeply connects the cultivation of students' professional qualities and innovation abilities through the integration of teaching and industry.The Maillard reaction is one of the most critical knowledge points in food chemistry.Taking the Maillard reaction section as an example,this paper discussed three key aspects:learning analysis and teaching objectives,instructional design and teaching methods,assessment evaluation and teaching reflection.Centered on the teaching philosophy of“learning in depth and applying in practice”,the application of PPPTS mode in food chemistry was deeply discussed.The aim was to continuously improve teaching quality and provide an effective pathway for cultivating innovative,practice-oriented professionals with practical capabilities for the food industry.

“Principles of Pharmaceutical Chemical Engineering”is a fundamental course for pharmaceutical majors,characterized by its engineering-oriented and practical nature,aiming to cultivate students' ability to solve practical problems in pharmaceutical production.Based on actual teaching experiences,the course team conducted an in-depth analysis of three core challenges:students' confusion in connecting knowledge to professional skills,the disconnection between theoretical instruction and practice,and insufficient practical training frameworks.To address these issues,the team implemented comprehensive reforms of reconstructed teaching objectives,restructured course content,and enhanced practical training systems,which in return led to establish an Emerging Engineering Education(EEE)-driven teaching mode of“Post-Matching,Integration of Theory and Practice,and In-Depth Practical Training”.The curriculum innovation has achieved significant outcomes including increased popularity between students,outstanding achievements,and successful scalability of the reform experience to related courses within the discipline.

This article provides an in-depth introduction to the AI-assisted Chem Score pre-assessment system,specifically designed for chemical experiment teaching.Taking the kinetics experiment of esterification reaction of ethyl acetate in physical chemistry as an example,the system builds a database from historical data and integrates key feature parameters during the experimental process.It uses a machine learning algorithm based on random forests to precisely identify,automatically score,and visually display data during the experiment.The Chem Score system standardizes the scoring of experimental data,providing students with immediate feedback and personalized learning path planning.Additionally,the system's built-in experimental database and data analysis functionalities support visual presentation and in-depth analysis of data,providing scientific support for teaching improvements and showcasing the broad prospects of smart education in chemical experiment teaching.

The essence of chemical bonds lies at the heart of chemistry.Here,we discussed the distinctions and interrelations among three concepts pertinent to chemical bonding:valence,oxidation state,and formal charge,which were used to quantify the extent and nature of atomic interactions.Furthermore,we investigated the potential to achieve a substantive unification of these concepts based on quantum chemical calculations through deepening the study on the fundamental nature of chemical bonds.

In ancient China,Zhang Hua,Lu You,Ji Yun and others developed an early recording of phosphorus by discussing the phenomenon of phosphine being oxidized and emitting light.In 1669,Brand extracted phosphorus from urine and named it phosphorus.Kunckel,Boyle,Hanckwitz,and others also successfully produced phosphorus at that time.The production of phosphorus hasled to the initial formation of the concept of phosphorus.With the proposal of scientific atomism and the precise measurement of phosphorus atomic weight,the concept of phosphorus has further developed at the microscopic level.In the 20th century,with the discovery of neutrons and the successful production of phosphorus isotopes,the modern concept of phosphorus was formed.