Hard carbon has become one of the ideal choices for anode materials of sodium-ion batteries because of its advantages such as abundant resources, simple preparation and good stability. This paper summarized the development of hard carbon anode materials in the last five years from four aspects:hard carbon source, synthesis method, pore structure and heteroatom doping.

This paper demonstrated an undergraduate innovative experiment entitled "the experiment design of the fabrication and water splitting property of self-supported electrode material" and explained the ideas of the establishment of this undergraduate experiment based on research outcomes. The detailed synthetic procedure, structural analysis and the application in overall water splitting of this Pt-free self-supported electrode were illustrated. Finally, the post-class introspection was discussed in this paper. The practical teaching experience showed that this experiment was highly interested by the students. This experiment cultivated the students with independent researching, experimenting and scientific writing skills, and strengthened their innovative and reverse thinking abilities.

In order to introduce the frontier research field of phase change energy storage material to the undergraduates, a comprehensive chemistry experiment, preparation and characterization of phase change microcapsules containing tetradecanol, was recommended. The microcapsules containing tetradecanol were prepared by in-situ polymerization. The chemical structure, morphology and thermal storage performance of microcapsules were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. Students can learn about the principle of condensation polymerization in polymer chemistry and in-situ polymerization of encapsulation by doing experiments. The testing and characterization of the products was helpful for students to clearly understand the function of infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. This comprehensive chemistry experiment can not only train the students' practical operations capability, but also develop their scientific innovative abilities.

Taking the College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Henan Normal University as an example, We conducted a survey of undergraduate students through questionnaires, interviews and classroom observations. The survey was based on four aspects:the understanding and attitude of micro-teaching,the participation in micro-teaching,the evaluation of micro-teaching as well as the micro-teaching recommendations. To solve the problem discovered in the survey,this paper put forward the teaching improvement strategies including strengthening the construction of teaching staff,adjusting the teaching content of micro-teaching,enhancing the interaction of micro-teaching and establishing and perfecting the supervision mechanism.

In order to improve the training quality and effectively solve the practical problems in the personnel training of education masters, teaching reforms and practices on the combination of "theory learning-practice training-scientific research" in the course groups have been done in Inner Mongolia Normal University. Through the teaching and research forces of teachers and tutors, various practical activities have been organically applied into the theoretical studying process of professional degree courses, which were of benefit to improve the ability of teaching and research of education masters, and the innovative training model has been formed to promote both teaching and research skills of education masters.

With the rapid development of new knowledge and new theory in colloid and interface chemistry, the graduate course of colloid and interface chemistry requires dramatic changes in the process of teaching.The emphasizing of basis and features, the fusion of tradition and advance, the combination of theory and practice, are the very important principles in our course construction. We took a series of reform measures to enhance the students' academic level, including adjusting the teaching contents, improving the teaching methods, focusing on academic frontiers, reforming the assessment mode, and so on.

We collected spectrums of chemical drugs to construct functions and contents of the database. The spectral database for chemical drugs we constructed contained more than 6 000 spectrums, covered IR, Raman, UV, MS, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, DVS, DSC and TG analysis methods, which could apply to the pharmaceutical analysis courses. Through studying the physical and chemical properties and spectral information of the drugs, it could stimulate learning interests of students and create self-learning space for students. It would also guide students to get research ideas in drug development and quality control in the future.

Determination of internal diffusion effectiveness factor is one of the important fundamental experiment courses for college students. Traditional preview methods in experiment courses mostly focus on theoretical study, with a lack of intuitive feeling and operating experience. Students always feel unfamiliar with experimental equipments and detailed procedures. To solve such a problem, an experiment preview system based on 3D virtual simulation technology was designed to improve the students' experimental preview effect. In this system, one penalty deduction scoring model was built, and the relevant data analysis and statistical functions were established, which was beneficial for enhancing students' understanding and improving the teaching quality.

The isotope effect on the infrared spectra of functional groups in molecule was investigated by using the Gaussian software. It is helpful for the students' understanding about the frequency shift of specific IR peak caused by the isotopic substitution during class, and also inspires the students' thinking and motivation in designing effective protocols of isotope substitution after class. Therefore, the students can utilize the Gaussian software to transfer the classroom knowledge into the practice of identifying compound's components.

In the general chemistry course, the chapter of Coordination Compounds play an important role, in the front of this chapter there are chemical thermodynamics, chemical equilibrium, atomic structure and molecular structure, behind it is specific element complexes. The introduction of modern information technology in teaching contents would help to show the formation and characteristics of new complex complexes dynamically. The modern information technology not only can improve the students' interests in learning, but also can enhance the students' intuitive understanding of the complex structures and properties. The advantages would help to improve the teaching quality of general chemistry.