Platinum is a precious metal with extremely stable chemical properties. Platinum, platinum alloys and platinum complexes have important applications in catalysts, medicines, sensors and other fields. This article briefly introduces the discovery history, natural distribution and resource status, and applications of platinum. The application of platinum focuses on platinum-based catalysts, platinum alloy nanomaterials, luminescent platinum complexes, and platinum anticancer drugs.

The systematic composition of “changing ideas and balance thinking” discipline core literacy is of great significance to the “competence-oriented” teaching and evaluation. Through analysis of curriculum standards, this study has been clear about the core knowledge and experience, epistemic style, the research objects and problem situations, and disciplinary competence activities of “changing ideas and balance thinking” discipline core literacy based on the model of disciplinary competence in the high school compulsory period. The study constructed the model of “changing ideas and balance thinking” discipline core literacy in the high school chemistry compulsory course systematically.

Exercises in textbooks are important carriers to implement the evaluation based on the chemistry core literacy advocated by the new curriculum standard. Based on the level division of chemistry core literacy and the level of academic quality, this study analyzes the chemistry core literacy and level of after-class exercises in the high school compulsory chemistry textbooks published by People’s Education Press. The results show that both the 2007 edition and the 2019 edition focus on the comprehensive examination of core literacy and its basic levels, stress the examination of “macro identification and micro analysis”, and highlight the nature of chemistry. However, the number of exercises in the 2019 edition has been reduced, which has strengthened the examination of scientific thinking and scientific practice, and reasonably expanded the breadth and depth of the examination of core literacy. Finally, obtain the corresponding teaching enlightenments from the characteristics of exercises, in order to promote the development of students’ core literacy.

The “Chemistry and Occupations” columns of the compulsory part of senior high school chemistry textbooks published by People’s Education Press in 2019 are career education columns of the first appearance in senior high school chemistry textbooks in China. The United States, where career education is relatively mature, its high school mainstream textbook Chemistry: Concepts and Applications also has such columns. This article compared “In this Field” columns in the American textbook with “Chemistry and Occupations” columns in the Chinese textbooks in terms of the choice and description of occupations and columns characteristics to summarize some enlightenments.

The current situation of extracurricular science reading in science education in China is not optimistic. By comparing the official document, textbook and college entrance examination of chemistry education in Victoria of Australia, it is concluded that integration of teaching and assessment can strengthen science reading then comprehensively improve students’ scientific literacy. Using this strategy for reference, we can promote scientific reading and develop students’ core literacy through the complementarity of the three aspects of in-class and out of class, reading and writing, and teaching and evaluation.

Under the background of the new curriculum standards and college entrance examination evaluation system, how to improve the quality of test items for chemical examination? With the two cases of developing choice questions in the academic exploration context and developing non-choice questions in the experimental exploration context as examples, this paper demonstrates how to do literature research, draft test items, polish test items, and analyze elements under the guidance of a two-way checklist. It analyzes various stages of refining the language of the test items, verifying information sources, optimizing information presentation, and adjusting the testing tasks. Moreover, it summarizes the test item development experience of working in collaboration to carefully select testing materials, create real questioning context, scientifically design testing tasks, and repeatedly refine the testing items.

Taking water as the carrier, the paper focuses on constructing the models of judgment, property analysis of the elements of unknown compounds and common gas testing and separation. During the implementation process, we center on evidential reasoning and model cognition, thus improving the rational thinking of chemistry and developing students’ core literaly.

Organic integration of experience in students’ life and cognition and thinking in chemistry learning can optimize the classroom process, improve learning efficiency, and make the construction of chemical knowledge become the process of development and improvement of the core literacy of chemistry discipline. In the teaching of “the application of iron and its compounds”, this paper takes “pen and ink” as the situation to generate real problems, integrate the material properties in the interaction, exploration and experience, construct the thinking model, and apply the model to solve problems, so as to develop the core literacy of chemical disciplines such as scientific inquiry, evidence reasoning and model cognition.

The industrial production of table salt is an ideal teaching material based on practical problem solving. The production environment in the salt field is safe and can be investigated, students can understand all production links, closely related to the part of the solution and coarse salt purification. “The journey of table salt:from salt in nature to salt on the table” as the project theme, carries out the teaching of “solution and crude salt purification” in chemistry course of junior high school. Through the inspection of Da-Qinghe salt field, discussing the problems in the process of salt production, salt washing and salt collection, explaining the core links and key issues of the actual production process, simulating the production process of salt, students construct concepts independently such as saturated solution and solubility, and master basic perating skills (such as dissolution, filtration, evaporation and crystallization), and establish a model of material separation.

This paper analyzes two problems existing in the practical teaching of “amount of substance”, including the establishment of the relationship between concepts was ignored, which made the presentation of concepts cannot start from the original cognition, and the cognitive function of concepts was ignored, what made the quantity of matter was just regarded as a mere tool of calculation. It is proposed that the teaching should start from the cognition of the third grade, develop from the simple quantitative quantity and the macroscopic quantitative quantity to the scientific stoichiometry, and set up the conceptual structure diagram of the amount of substance with the help of blackboard writing. It presents a teaching record of how to highlight the cognitive function of quantity of substance and promote the development of stoichiometry cognition, and analyzes the teaching effect, existing problems and improvement direction through interviews.

Taking the acid chemical properties as the carrier, the knowledge is carried on the superior position and the deep integration, the core knowledge, the learning activity and the evaluation are closely combined, with the help of the complete scientific inquiry, this paper applies the thinking mode of “the combination of macro and micro symbolic representation” to improve the understanding of the thought of “composition determines nature, nature determines use”, and to cultivate advanced thinking and innovative ability. An overall thinking model of “recognizing material based on category under the dominant angle of element composition and particle type” is independently constructed to realize the advanced angle of material chemical property recognition. The focus covers the subject knowledge, accumulates the subject core literacy, carries out the subject education junior middle school chemistry teaching, realizes the connection between junior high school and senior high school.

As a way of distant education, online classrooms often cause students to lack a sense of learning community. Facing abstract theoretical knowledge, students tend to fall into a dilemma of “away from the body”. Therefore, this paper designs an “immersive” and “learning by doing” Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion model course, with the help of the virtual chemistry laboratory. And finally makes it possible to fulfill “abstract content embodied cognition” and “interactive online learning” in online classroom, which promotes students’ deep learning.

Jiangsu province high school chemistry young teachers’ teaching basic skills competition highlights the examination of teachers’ experimental literacy. There are six items in the contest. Through watching the competition, we found that some contestants’ experimental literacy is weak, which is reflected in the “duplicity” of chemical experiment safety knowledge, the “speciousness” of chemical basic principle knowledge, the failure of “student-centered” in chemical experiment content design, and the failure of “continuous improvement” in chemical experiment operation. This paper analyzes the reasons for the problems of young teachers’ experimental literacy, and puts forward the paths to improve young teachers’ experimental literacy: implementing the training activities to improve teachers’ experimental literacy, carrying out the experimental innovation seminar activities, and highlighting the teaching design based on the experimental content.

“Energy” is an important dimension for students to understand chemical changes. This experiment used a handheld infrared thermal imaging camera to “see” the energy changes in chemical reactions. In the experiment, by taking the thermal imaging of the same amount of different acid solutions and sodium hydroxide solution when mixing and reacting, the heat change was indirectly reflected from the “temperature”, the model was established from the macroscopic energy change, and the microscopic bond forming and bond breaking process was inferred. It explored the exothermic process of acid-base neutralization reaction and the endothermic process of weak acid ionization, and cultivated students’ evidence reasoning ability and scientific inquiry consciousness.

In this experiment, simply and easily available materials were used to rapidly prepare copper rust by electrochemical method. Copper rust would be produced rapidly in a time ranging from dozens of seconds to a few minutes. The product was analyzed by XRD pattern, and the optimum electrolyte solution ratio for the formation of basic copper chloride (Cu₂(OH)₃Cl)was determined, and the basic copper carbonate(Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂)was successfully prepared. The experimental results can be used for middle school chemistry teaching demonstration experiment and student experiment, and can also be used to guide students to explore the influence of different conditions on copper rust preparation and carry out exploratory learning exercises. In addition, relevant experimental principles can provide test context to evaluate students’ learning quality.

In view of the controversy on whether Fe₃O₄ can react with hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, it is demonstrated from the perspective of literature research and chemical thermodynamic data. Taking natural magnetite, analytical pure Fe₃O₄ powder and printer toner as research objects, their reactions with hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid at different temperatures and concentrations were investigated, the reaction of Fe₃O₄ with hydrochloric acid had a “chloride effect”, and the reaction conditions meeting the timeliness requirements of classroom inquiry experiment were obtained. By using the needle barrel and PTEE needle filter head, the fast, sensitive and environment-friendly experimental operation can be realized.

The Laves structure of MgCu₂ was analyzed from multiple perspectives in this paper, to guide readers to understand the stacking mode and coordination of atoms in the structure, and understand the typical model of unequal atoms stacking.

2019 was the international year of the periodic table of chemical elements. A variety of celebrations have been held all over the world, and stamps issuing was one of activities of various countries. Based on the collection of stamps for the international year of periodic table of chemical elements issued by 12 countries worldwide, the chemical information in stamps pattern was interpreted, and the social significance of these chemical information in popularizing the knowledge of elements, expanding the teaching situational material, and the educational value of cultivating scientific attitude.